Expansion Part 2

Question 1

Henry Clay

Answer 1

Senator from Kentucky
Long time opponent of Daniel Webster
Came up with Compromise of 1850

Question 2

When was Compromise of 1850 proposed? (Other than 1850)

Answer 2

After California asked to join the union

Question 3

Compromise of 1850
Parts and which favored North or South
Did it pass?

Answer 3

1. CA would be admitted as a free state (N)
2. NM and UT would decide slavery on own
3. Congress abolish selling slaves in DC
4. TX would give up claims to NM for $10 million
5. Fugitive Slave Act (S)
   Passed

Question 4

Fugitive slave act

Answer 4

Asked all citizens to return escaped slaves, property, to masters without a trial by jury for the enslaved

Question 5

John C. Calhoun

Answer 5

Senator of SC.
Slavery is a positive good for both slave and master.
Felt N controlled govt.
Believed that states have the right to nullify or even secede.
Disagreed with Compromise, wanted North/abolitionists to stop talking about slavery.

Question 6

Daniel Webster

Answer 6

Senator of MA.
Last senate oration was him agreeing with Compromise. Usually Clay’s opponent but now agreeing, which enraged N abolitionists. Believe Compromise was best way to save Union and avoid war; said slavery wasn’t practical in NM and constitutional duty to return slaves

Question 7

Nativism

Answer 7

Native born Americans receive better treatment than immigrants
1846-1854: 3 million Europeans come to US, like the Irish because of the potato famine and the German and many Catholics.

Question 8

Know-Nothing Party

Answer 8

Nativist political organization

Feared Catholics and worried about immigration

Question 9

Stephen Douglas

Answer 9

Illinois senator
Wanted Chicago to benefit from development of the west.
Wanted to run for President, but needed support of S Democrats.
Pushed for statehood of KS and NE- to be free under Missouri Compromise
Proposed Kansas-Nebraska Act

Question 10

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 10

1854
Supported popular sovereignty, letting people in territory decide slavery instead of Congress. Knew S would like and N wouldn’t care because both states would likely vote free due to climate. Passed, but backfired because inspired Republican Party

Question 11

Republican Party

Answer 11

N outraged and disgusted by Douglas- “a sellout to the South”
So they launched new party dedicated to stopping slavery, the Slave Power, and demanded repeal of KNA and FSA.

Question 12

Free Soilers

Answer 12

After KNA, pro- and anti- slavery groups tried to win majority of voters in region Emigrant Aid Societies in N sent 1200 New Englanders to settle in KS. Free Soilers were new settlers who worked to end slavery in territories; MO pro settlers organized secret societies to oppose them by crossing border to illegally vote in territorial electors. 1855: 2 capitals, Topeka was anti and Lecompton was pro.

Question 13

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 13

1856: group of pro southerners looted newspaper offices and homes in free soil Lawrence KS. Night of May 24: John Brown led several New Englanders to pro settlement near Pottawatomie Creek and killed 5 men in front of their families. Sparked a summer of murderous raids and earned territory the name.

Question 14

Charles Sumner

Answer 14

Senator from MA gave fiery antislavery speech called “The Crime Against Kansas” and insulted SC senator Andrew Butler. Butler’s nephew Preston Brooks went to Sumner and beat him with a cane. Southerners supported Brooks’ actions.

Question 15

Election of 1856

Answer 15

Democrat James Buchanan vs. Republican John Fremont vs. Know-Nothing Millard Filmore. Dems supported Compromise of 1850 and KNA. Repubs said govt should restrict slavery, KS should be free. Buchanan won with solid support of S and a few N states, wanted Supreme Court to solve slavery issue.

Question 16

Dred Scott Decision

Answer 16

March 1857: Dred Scott vs. Sandford
Sued for freedom because he had lived in free territory.
SC ruled 7-2 against Scott, ruling that he was not a citizen and had no right to sue in court. Slaves were property, 5th amendment protected property, therefore Congress had no power to ban slavery. N was outraged, Buchanan supported decision and hoped the slavery discussion was over

Question 17

Lecompton Constitution

Answer 17

Fall 1857: proslavery group in KS elected members to a convention to write the constitution required to attain statehood. Endorsed by Buchanan. Defeated by Free Soiler Settlers in 1858. KS remained a territory where slavery was legal according to Dred Scott

Question 18

Lincoln Douglas Debates

Answer 18

Illinois 1858: Stephen Douglas ran for reelection to the Senate against Abraham Lincoln.
Series of 7 debates on slavery in territories.
Covered by newspapers.
Douglas won.

Question 19

Differences between Douglas and Lincoln in debates

Answer 19

D was a short, stout, elegantly dressed Dem. L was a tall, awkward, plain clothes Repub. D supported slavery but specifically popular sovereignty and majority rule. L supported minority rights (a majority should not be able to deny a minority it’s rights) and felt slavery was morally wrong but would die eventually, didn’t think blacks were equal.

Question 20

How did Douglas and Lincoln attempt to portray their opponent?

Answer 20

D depicted L as a raving abolitionist; L cast D as a big Dred Scott supporter.

Question 21

Lincoln’s big speech

Answer 21

June 1858
Springfield Illinois
“A house divided against itself cannot stand”

Question 22

John Brown’s second attack.

Answer 22

October 16, 1859: John Brown attacked the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA with 21 men and 5 Africans. Wanted to seize weapons to give to enslaved people to revolt. US troops under Colonel Robert E. Lee forced them to surrender. Brown was convicted of treason and hanged. N hailed him as a martyr.

Question 23

Who did Buchanan think was responsible for solving the slavery question?

Answer 23

Supreme Court

Question 24

Who was Dred Scott and why was he suing for freedom?

Answer 24

Slave of army surgeon Dr. Emerson who had just died. Sued because since he had lived in places that banned slavery, he believed that he was legally free.

Question 25

What were the 3 points of the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott case?

Answer 25

1. Blacks were not citizens so they had no rights or standing before court.
2. Because he was a slave, he was property.
3. According to the fifth amendment Congress can’t deprive citizens of property, so any slavery-restricting legislation (the NW Ordinance of 1787, the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and the Compromise of 1850) was no longer valid.

Question 26

What two unexpected results did the Dred Scott decision?

Answer 26

Furthered split between northern and southern democrats.

Strengthened Republicans.

Question 27

What were Douglas and Lincoln competing for?

Answer 27

Illinois senator seat

Question 28

What experienced did Lincoln have? What were his early jobs?

Answer 28

Ran a general store
Was a lawyer
One term as a representative

Question 29

What was each candidate’s plan of attack in the Lincoln Douglas debate?

Answer 29

Douglas made Lincoln look like a raving abolitionist. Lincoln depicted Douglas as a Dred Scott supporter.

Question 30

What were Lincoln’s views on slavery?

Answer 30

Opposed slavery but did not believe that black people should be socially and politically equal to white people

Question 31

How did Douglas shoot himself in the foot?

Answer 31

He essentially denounced the Dred Scott decision in a debate. He won the Illinois senator seat, but in the long run (for president), Southern Demorcrats would not support him.

Question 32

Who funded John Brown’s plan?

Answer 32

The Secret Six, a group of wealthy New England supporters and friends of Brown

Question 33

What was Brown’s plan

Answer 33

March south
Arm slaves
Establish a black republic in the Appalachians to wage war on the south.

Question 34

Who did John Brown confide in?

Answer 34

Frederick Douglas, who thought the plan was suicidal

Question 35

How did the north and south view Brown’s actions?

Answer 35

The N condemned violence but believe that Brown was a martyr for a just cause. The S viewed him as an extreme meddling N abolitionist and they were furious.