End Of Reconstruction

Question 1

The people who become sharecroppers are:

Answer 1

Poor whites and freedmen

Have no jobs or homes or money to buy land

Question 2

What did African Americans see as the key to a fair chance in life?

Answer 2

Land

Question 3

Sharecroppers what in exchange for what?

Answer 3

Sign contract to work land in exchange for part of the crop (1/3 to 1/2)

Question 4

What was the problem with sharecropping?

Answer 4

Sharecropper enters a cycle of debt for cost of housing and supplies so they must stay. Also, supervisors would sometimes evict them without pay

Question 5

Tenant farmer

Answer 5

Pay to rent land to farm on
Have full control
Higher social status than sharecroppers
Sharecroppers can save up to become tenant farmers

Question 6

Health of Southern Economy

Answer 6

1. Change in labor force: whites picked 40% of cotton
2. Emphasis on cash crops: forced south to import food
3. Rural poverty: among blacks and whites in cycles of debt
4. Rise of merchants: sold supplies to tenant farmers

Question 7

Only 1 in every # Africans owned land # years after war

Answer 7

20

10

Question 8

Inspiration for New South

Answer 8

Southerners visited North

Question 9

Was the goal for New South achieved?

Answer 9

No, not as urban as North

Question 10

Components of New South

Answer 10

1. Growth of cities: commerce and pop, Atlanta
2. Rebuilding Southern Railroads: greatest focus and success of Reconstruction
3. Industry grew, but not like North. Factories handled early stage of manufacturing, like cotton mills weaving undyed fabric

Question 11

Stats on rebuilding railroads

Answer 11

Totally rebuilt plus 40% increase by 1872

3300 miles of new track

Question 12

Gospel of Prosperity

Answer 12

Strong conviction that growth of business would bring better times for everyone.
Guided legislative reconstruction efforts because Repubs agreed that south needed to promote business

Question 13

Infrastructure

Answer 13

Public property and services that a society uses: roads bridges canals railroads telegraph lines.
Had to be almost completely rebuilt, levied heavy taxes to pay
1872: southern states created public schools with reconstruction money
Some funds lost to corruption

Question 14

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 14

Secret society formed by six former Confed soldiers in 1866.
Pledged to defend white superiority.
Led by Grand Wizard Nathan Bedford Forrest.
Keep Republicans and blacks out of office in south.
1868: Killed 300 Republicans in Arkansas and 1000 in Louisiana

Question 15

Enforcement Act of 1870

Answer 15

Banned use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting because of race.
Other laws banned KKK and strengthened military protection of voters. Govt tried and arrested Klansmen.

Question 16

Four Factors that ended in Reconstruction

Answer 16

1. Corruption: Reconstruction legislatures and Grants’s administration
2. Economy: heavy taxes and spending put south further in debt
3. Violence: Fed troops withdrawing from South allowed white Dems to use violence to prevent voting
4. Democrats Return to Power: solid south

Question 17

Solid South

Answer 17

New block of Democratic voters consisting of ex Confeds and other white southerners. Blocked and reversed many Reconstruction policies and reforms.

Question 18

Election of 1876

Answer 18

Repub Rutherford B Hayes vs Dem Samuel Tilden.
Tilden supported by Solid South.
Tilden won popular vote, electoral vote disputed.
Congress’s mostly Republican special commission named Hayes victor, Dems rejected

Question 19

Compromise of 1877

Answer 19

Dems agreed to give Hayes victory. In return, he agreed to remove troops from South. Also agreed to support appropriations for rebuilding levees along MS River and huge subsidies for railroads. Made way for Dems to take control of southern politics and marked end of Reconstruction.

Question 20

Supreme Court also helped end Reconstruction by:

Answer 20

Placing control of basic American civil rights in the hands of the states, limited the federal government’s ability to protect African rights

Question 21

Plessy vs Ferguson

Answer 21

1896
Separate but equal is Constitutional
Rise of Jim Crow Laws

Question 22

Brown vs Board of Education

Answer 22

1954
Separate but equal is unconstitutional.
Desegregation of schools and public facilities.