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US History 1 > Constitution > Flashcards

Constitution Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the Articles of Confederation?

A

Loose alliance of the 13 states in 1781. One branch, 9/13 states needed to pass legislature, first national constitution and adopted by the Continental Congress

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2
Q

What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

A

1) weak national government
2) no executive or judicial branch
3) Congress couldn’t regulate tax or trade
4) no common currency
5) each state only got one vote, no matter the population

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3
Q

What was the Constitutuonal Convention?

A

55 delegates met to fix the Articles of Confederation/create a Constitution

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4
Q

Who were the major figures attending the Convention? Who was the elected President of the Convention?

A

Washington was President. Hamilton and Madison both attended. Madison’s notes give us the most info about it.

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5
Q

The Virginia Plan?

A
  • by Edmund Randolph and James Madison
  • 3 branches
  • 1 Presidnet
  • Congress has lower and upper houses both based on population
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6
Q

New Jersey plan?

A
  • by William Patterson
  • very similar to AOC
  • 1 branch
  • states have equal number of representatives
  • let Congress raise taxes/regulate trade
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7
Q

Great Comprise?

A

Virginia Plan (3 branches, 1 president, two house Congress) but the upper house (Senate) has equal representation and the lower house (HoR) has population based representation. Congress can control taxes. By Roger Sherman of CT

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8
Q

What is a Federalist?

A

Federalists support the Constitution and favored strong government

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9
Q

What are the Federalist Papers?

A

Hamilton, Madison, and Jay wrote 85 newspaper essays supporting the Constitution.

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10
Q

What is an Antifederalists?

A

Opponents of ratifying the Constitution. They feared a strong government and a king-like President. They wanted a Bill of Rights to avoid weakening the states or people.

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11
Q

Who led the Antifederalists?

A

George Mason and Patrick Henry

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12
Q

Who was in the first Presidential Cabinet?

A

President George Washington
VP John Adams
Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton

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13
Q

What was the Presidential Cabinet’s first job?

A

Make the Bill of Rights

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14
Q

What is the Bill of Rights?

A

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution. The Antifederalists felt it was needed.

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15
Q

Amendment 1

A 
Freedom of
Religion
Speech
Press
Assembly
Petition
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16
Q

Amendment 2

A

Right to bear arms

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17
Q

Amendment 3

A

Limits the quartering of soldiers

18
Q

Amendment 4

A

Protection from unreasonable search and seizure

19
Q

Amendment 5

A

Rights of persons accused of a crime

  • grand jury trial
  • no double jeopardy
  • right to remain silent
  • eminent domain
20
Q

Amendment 6

A

Right to a swift and fair trial

21
Q

Amendment 7

A

Right to a jury trial in civil cases

22
Q

Amendment 8

A

Freedom from excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment

23
Q

Amendment 9

A

Citizens are entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution

24
Q

Amendment 10

A

Powers not given to the federal government are reserved for the states (or people)

25
Q

Define Separation of Powers

A

Each branch of government has its own area of authority, but checks and balances keep one branch from having complete power.

26
Q

Define amendment

A

A change to the Constitution

27
Q

Legislative Branch

A

Makes the laws
Congress: Senate and House of Representatives
Also taxes, money, war, post offices

28
Q

Executive Branch

A

Carries out the law
President, VP, and Cabinet
Foreign policy, selecting officials, accepting or rejecting legislation

29
Q

Judicial Branch

A

Interprets the law
Supreme Court and other federal courts
9 judges, one of whom is the Chief Justice
Decides court decisions based on Constitution and whether legislation is constitutional

30
Q

Define judicial review

A

Court reviews laws or court decisions to determine if they are constitutional

31
Q

Define federalism

A

Some powers are reserved for the national government, while others belong to the states.

32
Q

Define checks and balances

A

Each branch has the power to stop each other in certain ways

33
Q

Define veto

A

The President can reject legislative acts

34
Q

Who is the speaker?

A

Leader of the House of Reps

Paul Ryan

35
Q

Checks on executive branch

A 
Congress can
-override vetoes 
-impeach and remove President
-declare war
Senate can
-refuse to confirm appointments or ratify treaties
Supreme Court can
-declare acts unconstitutional
36
Q

Checks on legislative branch

A

President can veto federal bills
Supreme Court can rule laws unconstitutional
Both houses have to vote to pass laws, which checks power within Congress

37
Q

Checks on Judicial branch

A

Congress can:
-propose constitutional amendments to overturn judicial decisions
-impeach and remove federal judges
The president appoints judges, who then must be confirmed by the Senate

38
Q

What is the Electoral College?

A

The group of people selected to vote for the President

39
Q

How many electors are there? How many are needed to win the presidency?

A

Electors= Congress representation in both houses

270 to win!

40
Q

List the parts of the Constitution

A

1) Preamble
2) Articles 1 through 7 (1-3 are about the 3 branches of government)
3) Amendments

41
Q

How many amendments are there?

A

27

42
Q

5 “wholly new discoveries” that Hamilton wrote about in Federalist Paper 9

A
  1. Distribution of power
  2. Checks and balances
  3. Courts with fair, good judges
  4. Legislature of elected officials
  5. Enlargement of the orbit of government

US History 1 (16 decks)

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