Early Republic

Question 1

What were Washington’s biggest accomplishments?

Answer 1

• set up a functioning government
• improved the economy
• avoided war
• removed Britain from the NW territory

Question 2

Define precedent

Answer 2

Example to be followed by others in the future

Question 3

Who were the members of the first Cabinet?

Answer 3

President George Washington
VP John Adams
Secretary of State T Jefferson
Secretary of treasury A Hamilton
Secretary of war Henry Knox
Attorney General Edmund Randolph
Chief Justice John Jay
Speech Writer James Madison

Question 4

Define bonds

Answer 4

Certificate for a certain amount of money that the government promises to pay back with interest. The point was to support the war.

Question 5

Define speculators

Answer 5

People who buy bonds from bond holders for less than they are worth to make a profit when they turn them in

Question 6

How much war debt did the US have in bonds?

Answer 6

$52 million

Question 7

Part 1 of Hamilton’s financial plan: what is it, who disliked it, did it pass?

Answer 7

US government would take on all state debts. The south disliked it because they paid their debts. They only agreed if the capital was moved south by the Potomac River. It passed.

Question 8

Part 2 of Hamilton’s financial plan: what is it, who disliked it, did it pass?

Answer 8

Charter a national bank for depositing government funds. Jefferson disliked because it wasn’t explicitly stated in the Constitution. It passed.

Question 9

Part 3 of Hamilton’s financial plan: what is it, who disliked it, did it pass?

Answer 9

Impose a high tax on imports. South disliked because it helped the North and hurt the South. It didn’t pass.

Question 10

Jefferson vs Hamilton

Answer 10

Jefferson had a strict interpretation of the Constitution. Hamilton had a loose interpretation. Congress has powers about things not directly mentioned.

Question 11

When was the National Bank established?

Answer 11

1791

Question 12

How was the US involved in the French Revolution?

Answer 12

By 1789, France was in the Reign of terror; thousands were executed. France was simultaneously at war with Britain. Both countries wanted American help but they stayed neutral.

Question 13

Define impressment

Answer 13

Britain kidnapped US ships and forced the sailors in the British navy.

Question 14

What is Jay’s Treaty?

Answer 14

Washington sent Jay to negotiate with Britain about impressment. Britain agreed to leave NW territory and expand trade, but continued impressment. Because of this, it was a flop.

Question 15

What was the Whiskey Rebellion?

Answer 15

Congress taxed whiskey. In 1794, Corn farmers in West Pennsylvania burned the Tax collector’s home and closed the courts.

Question 16

3 things to know about factions

Answer 16

Hated by GWash.
Framers didn’t expect parties.
Jefferson led the Democratic Republicans and Hamilton led the Federalists.

Question 17

Differences between Dem Repubs and Federalists. (Name at least three)

Answer 17

D.         R. 
People have power. Educated have power. 
Strong state vs strong central govt.
Emphasized agriculture vs trade, manufacturing and shipping. 
Strict vs loose. 
Pro French vs pro British. 
Opposed vs favored National Bank. 
Opposed vs favored high tariff.

Question 18

Who ran in the election of 1796?

Answer 18

F John Adams vs DR Thomas Jefferson. Adams won with 71 votes, then Jefferson with 68 votes.

Question 19

What were the main points of the 1796 Farewell Address?

Answer 19

Warned against political parties. Don’t get tangled in European affairs.

Question 20

What was the XYZ affair?

Answer 20

Adams sent a 3 person mission to France, but they were stopped by three agents who demanded $250,000 and a $10 million loan before meeting with the foreign minister. Americans said no and went home. The public was angry at France and wanted war. There was an undeclared naval war with France until Napoleon comes to power.

Question 21

What was the Naturalization Act?

Answer 21

Increased the number of years of residency required for naturalization from 5 to 14 years.

Question 22

What was the Alien Act?

Answer 22

President has the power to deport.

Question 23

Who are the Naturalization and Alien acts directed towards?

Answer 23

The French and the Irish Catholics.

Question 24

What was the Sedition Act?

Answer 24

Crime to say anything insulting or false about the government.

Question 25

Who was the Sedition Act directed towards?

Answer 25

Democratic Republicans.

Question 26

What are the Virginia Kentucky resolutions?

Answer 26

Written by Madison and Jefferson, respectively, these say that the states can nullify, deprive of legal force, a national law.

Question 27

What was Gabriel Prosser’s Rebellion?

Answer 27

Enslaved Africans discussed liberty. Gabe the blacksmith planned a rebellion near Richmond, VA. He was caught and tries before it and 30 were executed.

Question 28

What happened in the election of 1800?

Answer 28

Jefferson and Burr, both Democratic Republicans, tied. Hamilton lobbied for Jefferson, Congress voted him in.

Question 29

Jefferson: the 5 L’s

Answer 29

Less army
Less taxes
Less government 
Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark

Question 30

What is bureaucracy? What did Jefferson do?

Answer 30

The departments and workers of federal government. Jefferson cut numbers.

Question 31

What is the Judiciary Act of 1789?

Answer 31

Congress created a national court system with 3 circuit courts and 13 district courts, all headed by the Supreme Court.

Question 32

What is the Judiciary Act of 1801?

Answer 32

Decreased number of Supreme Court judges, increased number of federal judges.

Question 33

What are midnight judges?

Answer 33

Adams’ last minute appointments to fill judicial posts with Federalists, like John Marshall who established important principles of common law.

Question 34

Describe Marbury vs Madison

Answer 34

Adams appointed Marbury as justice of the peace. James Madison, Jefferson’s Secretary of State, didn’t give Marbury the appointment letter. Marbury sued, Marshall ruled against him, saying that he’s not allowed to order the executive branch this way. Example of judicial review.

Question 35

What was the Lousiana Purchase?

Answer 35

Monroe and Livingston were sent to buy New Orleans with a budget of $10 million. Napoleon decided he wanted to sell whole territory because he wasn’t able to crush the Haitian rebellion for $15 million.

Question 36

What are the goals of the Lewis and Clark expedition?

Answer 36

Discover river routes to Pacific (northwest passage)
Interact with the Native Americans
Find natural resources
Scientific research 
Get America into fur trade
Feel out political and military uses

Question 37

When was the Lewis and Clark expedition?

Answer 37

Spring 1804 to September 1806

Question 38

What did Lewis and Clark bring?

Answer 38

40 men, 3 boats, 21 bales of gifts

Question 39

What happened to the explorers after the expedition?

Answer 39

Sacajawea died young. Clark lived long and raised her son. Lewis had depression and killed himself.

Question 40

Describe the Hamilton and Burr duel

Answer 40

Burr challenged Hamilton because he thought Ham was always preventing him from being elected. Burr killed Ham, ruining his own political future.

Question 41

What was the Embargo Act of 1807?

Answer 41

British ship The Leopard attacked the USS Chesapeake, and as a punishment, US placed a restriction on trade with Britain and France. It had little effect on Europe, but New England traders hated it and tried to smuggle goods past the navy.