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US History 1 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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1
Q

North vs. South Pre-Civil War

A

Key difference: slavery

North: urban, industrialized, twice the population of south, 70% of tracks
South: tried to catch up but mostly used waterways

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2
Q

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

A

By Harriet Beecher Stowe
Novel set in pre civil war south with powerful statement about slavery.
-slave Eliza Harrjs escaped KY plantation with baby through Underground Railroad
-kind slave Uncle Tom is sold down the river and beaten to death
-his master Simon Legree is an unmarried anti-Christian alcoholic and bully.
Inspired North to fight slavery, insulted South

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3
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

John L O’Sullivan
Nation’s fate to spread and possess whole continent.
Greed was greatest motivator.

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4
Q

Annexation of Texas

A

Texas won independence from Mexico in 1836 and voted to be annexed=join US. South and Dems in favor because another slave state. North and Whigs opposed because feared more powerful South. Many feared war with Mexico.

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5
Q

Cause of Mexican War

A

Border Dispute

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6
Q

Bear Flag Revolt

A

William B Ide and settlers attacked Sonoma and proclaimed it the Republic of California.

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7
Q

Battle of Buena Vista

A

General Zachary Taylor defeated Santa Anna in Mexico at this battle. Anna claimed victory and fled to Mexico City. General Winfield Scott finally defeated Anna and captured the city.

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8
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

A
  1. Mexico gave up Texas and Rio Grande is border.
  2. Mexico gave up New Mexico and California.
  3. US paid Mexico $15 mil.
  4. US paid $3 mil to claims made by Americans against Mexico.
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9
Q

Wilmot Provisio

A

Mexican War brought slavery to forefront of politics: yes or no in new territories?
David Wilmot attached an amendment to bill about negotiating with Amex. Proposed the banning of slavery in NM and CA. Didn’t pass, North continued to attach to bills.

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10
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

By Henry Clay after CA asks to join Union.

  1. CA would be admitted as a free state.
  2. NM and UT would decide slavery on their own.
  3. Abolish selling slaves in DC.
  4. TX would give up claims to NM for $10 mil
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11
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A

By Stephen Douglas
Supported popular sovereignty, letting people in territory decide slavery instead of Congress. South liked, North didn’t care because states would likely vote free. Passed but backfired because inspired Republican Party.

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12
Q

Forming of the Republican Party

A

Northerners were outraged by Douglas, a sellout to the south. Launched new party dedicated to stopping slavery. Demanded repeal of K-N and Fugitive Slave Acts.

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13
Q

John Brown

A

Led several New Englanders to proslavery settlement near Pottawatomie Creek and killed 5 men in front of their families. Sparked a summer of murderous raids, territory called Bleeding Kansas.

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14
Q

Caning of Charles Sumner

A

Senator from MA gave fiery antislavery speech called “The Crime against Kansas” in which he insulted Senator Andrew Butler of SC. Butler’s nephew Preston Brooks, supported by Southerners, beat Sumner with a cane.

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15
Q

Dred Scott

A

Sued for freedom because his owner died and he had lived in free territory. Supreme Court ruled:

  1. Blacks are not citizens and have no standing in court.
  2. Because they are slaves not citizens, they are property.
  3. Because property is protected under the 5th amendment, Congress can’t ban slavery.
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16
Q

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A

Douglas running for reelection to senate against Lincoln.
Series of 7 debates on the issue of slavery in territories.
Douglas: supported popular sovereignty and majority rule.
Lincoln: supported minority rights, felt slavery was wrong and would die eventually.
Douglas won.

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17
Q

Election of 1860

A

Repub Lincoln vs North Dem Douglas vs South Dem Breckenridge vs Constitutional Unionist Bell.
Lincoln won, SC left Union, followed by six other states.

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18
Q

Confederacy

A

Formed by Southern states, elected Jefferson Davis as president.
North concerned about loss of business and states just coming/going.
Lincoln thought it was unconstitutional to secede and wanted to end expansion of slavery.

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19
Q

Fort Sumter

A

Federal troops still occupied fort in Charleston Harbor. Lincoln told SC he was sending goods, and Davis ordered PGT Beauregard to demand surrender (open rebellion of US). After 34 hours of bombardment, federal troops finally surrender.

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20
Q

Battle of Bull Run

A

While McDowell marched Union to Manassas VA, Beauregard brought Confeds to camp at Bull Run stream and gathered reinforcements.
Union winning at it’s, but Stonewall Jackson stopped an advance and more Confed soldiers arrived by train Union retreated to DC.

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21
Q

Battle of Shiloh

A

Grant and 42,000 Union soldiers waited at Pittsburg Landing, TN for General Don Carlos Buell to bring more troops so they could attack railroad center Corinth, MS. Confed General Albert Sidney Johnston surprise attacked and pushed them back to TN River. Buell arrived during night and Union won.

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22
Q

Strategies of the the North

A

Anaconda plan
Naval blockade and cut confederacy into two

Seize Richmond

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23
Q

Strategies of the South

A

Defense
War of attrition
One side inflicts continual losses on the enemy in order to wear down its strength

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24
Q

General George McClellan

A

Appointed by Li Colin but ran into problems with him because his main weakness was his caution.

25
Q

General Ulysses S Grant

A

Promoted by Lincoln to lead most successful Union forces in west, wanted to control MS River

26
Q

Robert E Lee

A

Confederate general after Battle of Seven Pines

27
Q

Stonewall Jackson

A

General Thomas Jackson
Commanded some Virginians at Vull Run
Nicknamed for stopping Union advance.

28
Q

Battle of Antietam

A

Lee decided to invade North (MD), but the Union found a court of Lee’s plans. McClellan and larger army drive Confeds to retreat, but McClellan didn’t take his opportunity to destroy the army.

29
Q

Battle of Gettysburg

A

July 1-4
Day 1: set up Union on Cemetery Ridge led by Meade. Confederates set up on Seminary Ridge led by Lee and Longstreet.
Day 2: heavy fighting, draw. 350 Mainers protected Little Round Top.
Day 3: Pickett’s charge- Confeds charge thinking Union is out, but artillery resumed firing and killed half of Confeds

30
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

A

Lincoln proclaimed all slaves in Confederacy as free.

31
Q

Appomattox Court House

A

Lee tried to meet with Johnston and slip around Grant’s army in VA, but was continuously blocked. Lee arrived at small VA town and surrendered to Grant. Johnston surrendered to Sherman a few weeks later in NC

32
Q

Ten Percent Plan

A
  1. Pardon if you take oath and accept 13
  2. Denied to southerners that killed African pows
  3. state conventions
  4. Elections
33
Q

Reconstruction Act of 1867

A
  1. Military rule for 5 states by a northern General
  2. State elections/ constitution
  3. Voting laws all qualified males
  4. Banned voting by Confed supporters
34
Q

Black codes

A

Laws that restricted Freedmen’s rights

35
Q

13th amendment

A

Abolish slavery

36
Q

14th amendment

A

Guaranteed Africans equal protection under law

37
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

Created by Congress to help black southerners adjust to freedom. First major federal relief agency. Dismantled in 1869

38
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

Led by grand wizard Nathan Bedford Forrest b

Pledged to depend social and political superiority of whites

39
Q

Push Pull Westward Expansion

A

Push: land, new location for business, religious oppression
Shelter for outlaws
Pull: government gave away public land for cheap

40
Q

Custer’s Last Stand

A

Battle of Little Bighorn

Custer and 200 men invaded territories to investigate despite warnings and were massacred.

41
Q

Dawes Act

A

Divided reservation land into individual plots
Received 160 acres
Granted US citizenship

42
Q

Why cattle ranching?

A

Ample supply
Price increased $5 to $40
Refrigerated rail cars, cheaper transport
Removal of natives and extinction of buffalo

43
Q

William Jennings Bryan

A

Cross of Gold, Election of 1896

Populist:

44
Q

Haymarket Riot

A

Knights of Labor demonstration for 8 hour work day. Police broke up fights between workers and scabs, caused casualties among workers. Protest rally at Chicago’s Haymarket Square joined by anarchists: bomb thrown at police, gunfire on both sides

45
Q

Pullman strike

A

George Pullman invented luxury cars and built a town for his workers. Workers laid off and wages cut 25% but cost of living the same. Strike in conjunction with American Railway Union disrupted mail delivery, caused government order that union activity involving railway traffic was illegal

46
Q

Gilded Age

A

Post Reconstruction
Term by Mark Twajn
Covered with a thin layer of gold

47
Q

Pendleton Civil Service Act

A

Created Civil Service Commission which classified government jobs and tested applicants fitness
Federal employees not required to contribute to campaign funds and could not be fired for political reasons.

48
Q

Interstate Commerce Act

A

Required rates to be set in proportion to the distances traveled and rates be made public, no special rates for powerful customers

49
Q

Chinese Exclusion Act

A

Prohibited Chines workers from entering US, seen as inferior

50
Q

Political machines

A

Unofficial city organization designed to keep a particular party in power and headed by a single powerful boss

51
Q

Tenements

A

Low cost apartments designed to house as many families as can be squeezed in

52
Q

Jacob Riis

A

Wrote How the Other Half of Lives about the horrors of tenement life, resulted in laws to improve NY tenements

53
Q

Jane Addams

A

Bought run down Charkes Hull Mansion in Chicago and repaired it and opened doors to immigrants turning Hull House into a community center

54
Q

Progressive Era

A

Eliminate problems caused by corruption and industrialization

55
Q

Muckrakers

A

Journalist writing for reform and against corruption

56
Q

The Jungle

A

Expose of the meat packing industry and capitalism by Upton Sinclair

57
Q

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

A

Many died because doors were locked to avoid theft and unauthorized breaks. Jumped out of windows or burned. Led to legislation about safety standards.

58
Q

18th amendment

A

Prohibition of liquor

59
Q

19th amendment

A

Women’s rights, equality of sexes

US History 1 (16 decks)

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