Civil War 2

Question 1

How did the Confederate government take charge of the economy?

Answer 1

• Controlled production
• Seized railroads from private owners
• Required farmers to give 1/10 of produce to war efforts
• Personal income tax

Question 2

In addition to the draft, the South could…

Answer 2

Seize slaves for military labor and pay their owners a monthly fee

Question 3

What is a draft?

Answer 3

Required military service

Question 4

Who called the draft in the south and why?

Answer 4

General Lee feared that would lose if there weren’t enough soldiers

Question 5

When did the Confederate Congress pass the draft law?

Answer 5

April 1862

Question 6

Who did the draft law apply to?

Answer 6

White men 18-35

Question 7

What fraction of eligible men failed to cooperate with the draft in the South and why?

Answer 7

1/4

Conflicted with states rights

Question 8

How did Great Britain get involved?

Answer 8

May 1861: Confed sent reps to GB and FR for help.
They didn’t recognize Confed as a nation, “wait and see” attitude.
GB allowed its ports to be used to build Confed privateers like the Alabama, which captured 60 Northern ships.

Question 9

Trent

Answer 9

Slidell and Mason boarded the Brotisg warship to go to GB, caught and brought back to US by Union warship.
GB threatens war unless they’re released, send troops to Canada.
Lincoln orders release, demands $19 mil for damages by privateers (not paid)

Question 10

Civil War Congress could pass many laws because

Answer 10

There was no southern opposition

Question 11

Pacific Railroad Act

Answer 11

Allowed federal government to give land and money to companies to construct railroad from Nebraska to the Pacific Coast

Question 12

Congress passed ______ to protect Northern industry and in 1861 the dirt federal tax on _______

Answer 12

Tariff rates

Income

Question 13

Homestead Act

Answer 13

1862
Offered cheap govt land 160 acres to people willing to settle
Must be 21 or head of household, citizen/filing for citizenship, build a house at least 12x14, live there 6 months/year, farm the land for 5 years
Created 372,000 farms

Question 14

Internal Revenue Act of 1862

Answer 14

Imposed taxes on items like liquor, tobacco, medicine, and newspaper ads
Nearly all ended when war ended

Question 15

Greenbacks

Answer 15

1862
Congress passed an act that created a national currency not backed by gold
Named for color

Question 16

Draft in North

Answer 16

March 1863 draft law
Allowed wealthy to buy their way out
Riots vented rage, especially NYC July 1863

Question 17

Copperheads

Answer 17

Specific group of democrats, a minority in Congress
This group to democrats warned that Republicans would flood North with freed spaces who would take jobs.
Urged resist draft and desert army.

Question 18

Lincoln used the army to shut down _______ and denied others ________ if critical

Answer 18

Opposition newspapers

Use of mail

Question 19

Border states

Answer 19

Union but slave holding

DE, MD, MO, KY

Question 20

Border State:

MD

Answer 20

Strong support for secession, disloyal residents arrested

Question 21

Border State:

MO

Answer 21

Needed to control Ohio and Miss Rivers

Lincoln supported uprising to overthrow pro-Confed government

Question 22

Border State:

KY

Answer 22

Needed to control Ohio and Miss Rivers

Under martial law

Question 23

In some places, Lincoln suspended _______ and ##### were jailed with no trial

Answer 23

Habeas corpus

13000

Question 24

Martial law

Answer 24

Emergency rule by military authorities
Individual freedoms may be suspended
KY

Question 25

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 25

After Antietam, Lincoln proclaimed all slaves in Confederacy free as of Jan 1, 1863.
Effects: 1. Southern slaves escaped 2. Africans joined Union army

Question 26

What prompts Britain to stay neutral?

Answer 26

Defeat of Lee at Antietam and Emancipation Proclamation

Question 27

Slaves in War

Answer 27

Slaves captured in South considered contraband- item of the enemy govt
No Africans allowed to serve until after McClellan’s defeats in VA
By 1865, 180,000 Africans enlisted.
10% of N troops
Under white officers, paid less

Question 28

54th MA Infantry

Answer 28

Colonel Robert Gould Shaw
1st documented N African regiment
Shaw led attack and lost nearly half his men at Fort Wagner (Charleston SC July 1863)

Question 29

Southern economy

Answer 29

Hurt by freed or rebelling slaves
Food shortage (disrupted by armies, farmers wouldn’t switch from cotton to crops)
Hurt by inflation and profiteering- buying up goods to sell at high prices when scarce

Question 30

Northern war economy

Answer 30

Wartime industries boomed
Farms and factories supported both war and population needs
Some N businessmen sold inferior products to army to make money

Question 31

Captured soldiers on both sides were put in:

Answer 31

Prison camps

Question 32

Union prison camps

Answer 32

Point Lookout MD

Camp Chase OH

Question 33

Andersonville

Answer 33

Confederate prison camp in GA
Made to hold 10,000 but had 35,000
100 died a day from starvation and exposure to elements
Commander of prison tried and hanged for war crimes

Question 34

1 in # wounded died of their wounds

Answer 34

5

Question 35

1 in # died in war

Answer 35

4

Question 36

Soldiers # times more likely to die in hospital than on battlefield

Answer 36

3

Question 37

Clara Barton

Answer 37

Quit job to nurse wounded

Founded American Red Cross

Question 38

Dorothea Dix

Answer 38

Head of Union Army Nursing Corps

4000 nurses

Question 39

US Sanitary Commission

Answer 39

Nonexistent sanitation in camps, polluted water, mumps and measles
Created in 1861
Volunteers (mostly women) called for inspections in hospitals, camps, organized clean ups