Religion 2 Flashcards
Sangha is
The monastic order developed from the Buddha’s early disciples that accepted people from all classes.
Few factual details about Buddha’s life are known because
Extant biographies exist in written form that venerate the Buddha as a legendary hero.
Despite his father’s best efforts to shield his son from anything unhappy or unpleasant, these “four sights” were ultimately revealed to Siddhartha:
A bent old man, a sick person, a dead person, and a mendicant seeking lasting happiness.
After the cremation of the Buddha’s body, to commemorate the Buddha’s passing and final liberation, pieces of his bone and teeth were given to messengers of the seven clans who built
Stupas
According to legend, Mara tempted Siddhartha at Bodh Gaya in order to
Keep Siddhartha’s insights to himself because they were too complex and profound for ordinary people.
To a dying woman, Venerable Ajahn Chah stated, “What arises passes away, what is born dies, and is not self—so that our sense of being caught in an identity with this human body fades out.” This was meant to discuss insight into
Anatman
During his very first talk at Sarnath, the core principle(s) Buddha set forth was
The Four Noble Truths
The name for one who has found nirvana in this life is
Arhant
During Siddhartha’s journey to enlightenment, when finally experiencing supreme awakening, he saw the wheel of repeated death and rebirth where past good and bad deeds are reflected in future lives, otherwise called
The cycle of samsara.
One of the approaches the Buddha set forth that allows humans to extricate themselves from suffering and achieve final liberation is through the aspects of living that allow one to purify the mind and avoid unwholesome actions, or
The Noble Eightfold Path to Liberation.
Ashoka disseminated Buddhism throughout his kingdom because
He felt great remorse over military losses.
The traditional language of the Tipitaka is
Pali
According to Theravada Buddhists, one takes refuge in the Buddha by
Honoring the Buddha as supreme teacher and inspiring model.
The highest goal of Mahayana texts like the Lotus Sutra is
To become a bodhisattva and achieve Buddhahood.
In Mahayana tradition, the Buddha is said to be an immanent presence in the universe with these three “bodies” or aspects:
Formless enlightened wisdom, body of bliss, and emanation of body.
Many became devotees of the Amitabha Buddha because
Social upheaval led people to think of themselves as degenerate.
The first patriarch of Chan Buddhism was
Bodhidharma
In Zen Buddhism, the practice of sitting meditation is known as
Zazen
The contemporary offshoot of Nichiren’s movement that lobbies for a peaceful world revolution through transformation of individual consciousness is called
Soka Gakkai International.
Nichidatsu Fujii, who was strongly influenced by Gandhi’s doctrine of nonviolence, founded the
Nipponzan Myohoji.
The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of
Tibetan Buddhists.
In Tibetan Buddhism, people prepare for death while they are living in order to have a peaceful death by practicing
Phowa.
In the third stage of Atisha, the esoteric path that one must follow in Tibetan Buddhism is
Tantrayana.
For a Vajrayana initiate, the practice of meditating on him- or herself in the form of a Buddha or bodhisattva is known as
Deity yoga.
The mantra of Avalokiteshvara is chanted to
Evoke an awareness of the sufferings of sentient beings and compassion for all living beings.
The most important Buddhist festival is
Vesak
In Japan, Shakyamuni Buddha’s birthday is celebrated during
Early April.
In Thailand, when celebrating the Festival of Floating Bowls, the bowls on the water symbolize
A person’s bad luck floating away.
In Sri Lanka, a particular relic belonging to the Buddha is paraded through the streets on the back of richly decorated elephants during
the Festival of the Tooth.
In some countries, young laymen temporarily enter the Sangha and live as monks for a while to commemorate
Passage to adulthood.
Buddhism is often embraced by people in the West because
They long for peace of mind in the midst of a chaotic materialistic life.
Some consider Western Buddhism to be closer to the core of early teachings in Buddhism because of the
Stronger emphasis on inner practice.
How do levels of Buddhist participation among women compare between the East and West?
Women in the West are more likely to participate.
International audiences flock to listen to teachings of an exiled Vietnamese monk named
Thich Nhat Hanh.
In a Western Zen Monastery, by exploring the relevance of Buddhist principles in the workplace, the central goal emphasized is
Personal experience of enlightenment and its application in the twenty-first-century world.
The Tzu Chi organization, founded by Venerable Cheng Yen in Taiwan, provides
Volunteer services, such as disaster relief, medicine, education, and environmental protection.
Buddhism became popular in India during the twentieth century because
It overcame caste distinctions.
This individual inspired half a million untouchable Indians to convert to Buddhism:
B. R. Ambedkar.
After decades of terror where more than one million people were murdered by the Khmer Rouge, Buddhists played a major role in
Peacemaking and rebuilding Cambodia.
