Chapter 8: Memory Flashcards
Memory
Set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time
Automatic processing
Unconscious encoding of informational details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words
Effortful processing
Encoding of information that takes effort and attention
Semantic encoding
Input of words and their meaning
Acoustic encoding
Input of sounds, words, and music
Visual encoding
Input of images
Sensory memory
Storage of brief sensory events like sights, sounds, and tastes
Long-term memory (LTM)
Continuous storage of information
Explicit memory
Memories we consciously try to remember and recall
Semantic memory
Type of declarative memory about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge/facts
Episodic memory
Type of declarative memory that contains info about events we’ve personally experienced, AKA autobiographical memory
Procedural memory
Type of long-term memory for making skilled actions like brushing teeth, driving car, swimming
Retrieval
Act of getting info out of long-term memory storage and back into conscious awareness
Engram
Physical trace of memory
Karl Lashley
Maimed monkey and rat brains to see if/how that’d effect their memories
Arousal theory
Strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and vice versa
Amygdala
Involved in experience of emotion and tying emotional meaning to memories
Retrograde amnesia
Loss of memory for events that occurred prior to brain trauma
Construction
Formation of new memories
Suggestibility
Effects of misinformation from external sources that lead to the creation of false memories
Reconstruction
Process of bringing up old memories that might be distorted by new info
Misinformation effect paradigm
After exposure to new and possible inaccurate info, person can misremember the originals event
Transience
Memory error in which unused memories fade w/ the passage of time
Hindsight bias
Leads person to believe an event was predictable, even if it wasn’t
Rehearsal
Repetition of info to memorize
Mnemonic device
Memory aid that helps us organize info for encoding
