Chapter 2: Psychological Research Flashcards

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1
Q

Deductive Reasoning

A

Ideas are tested in the real world

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2
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

Real world observations lead to new ideas to test

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3
Q

Theory

A

Well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation of observed phenomena

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4
Q

Falsifiable

A

Able to be disproven by experimental results

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5
Q

Case Study

A

Observational research study focusing on one or a few people

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6
Q

Naturalistic Observations

A

Observation of behavior in its natural setting

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7
Q

Surveys

A

List of questions to be answered by research participants, allowing researchers to collect data from a large number of people

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8
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

Study in which the same group of individuals is surveyed/measured repeatedly over an extended period of time

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9
Q

Attrition

A

Reduction in number of research participants that drop out of an experiment over time.

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10
Q

Correlation

A

Relationship between 2+ variables, one changes as the other does (normal/positive or inversely/negative)

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11
Q

Illusory correlation

A

Correlation, not causation

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12
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Tendency to ignore evidence that disproves ideas/beliefs

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13
Q

Inter-rater reliability

A

Measure of agreement among observers on how they record/classify a particular event

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14
Q

Double-blind study

A

Experiment in which both the researchers and the participants are blind to which group the participants are part of. (Control v experimental group)

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15
Q

Independent variable

A

Variable messed with by experimenter; difference between control and experimental group; ‘cause’ variable

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16
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable not messed with by experimenter; ‘effect’ variable

17
Q

Random sample

A

Subset of a larger population in which every member of said population has equal chance of being selected

18
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency and reproducibility of a given result

19
Q

Validity

A

Accuracy of given result in measuring what it is designed to

20
Q

IRB

A

Institutional Review Board
Committee of administrators, scientists, and community members that reviews proposals for research involving human participants.

21
Q

Informed consent

A

Process of informing a research participant about what to expect during an experiment, any risks involved, implications of the research, and obtaining the person’s consent to participate

21
Q

Debriefing

A

When an experiment involves deception, participants are told complete and truthful information about the experiment at its conclusion