Chapter 12: Social Psychology Flashcards
Intrapersonal
Internal
Interpersonal
Between people
Dispositionism
Asserts that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as personality traits and temperament
Fundamental attribution error
Tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation
Self-serving bias
Tendency for individuals to take credit by making dispositional or internal attributions for positive outcomes and situational or external attributions for negative outcomes
Just-world hypothesis
Ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve
Social Role
Socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group
Stanford prison experiment
Stanford University conducted an experiment in a mock prison that demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts
Script
Person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting
Attitude
Evaluations of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative
Cognitive dissonance
Psychological discomfort that arises from a conflict in a person’s behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs that runs counter to one’s positive self-perception
Persuasion
Process of changing our attitude toward something based on some form of communication
Central route persuasion
Logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness
Peripheral route persuasion
One person persuades another person; an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues (such as positive emotions and celebrity endorsement) to associate positivity with a message
Foot-in-the-door technique
Persuasion of one person by another person, encouraging a person to agree to a small favor, or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item
Conformity
When individuals change their behavior to go along with the group even if they do not agree with the group
Asch effect
Group majority influences an individual’s judgment, even when that judgment is inaccurate
Normative social influence
Conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group
Milgram’s experiment
That shock experiment with the students giving wrong answers
Group polarization
Strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within the group
Informational social influence
Conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information
Altruism
Humans’ desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping
Proximity
Things that are close to one another tend to be grouped together
Reciprocity
Give and take in relationships
