Chapter 12: Social Psychology

Question 1

Intrapersonal

Answer 1

Internal

Question 2

Interpersonal

Answer 2

Between people

Question 2

Dispositionism

Answer 2

Asserts that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as personality traits and temperament

Question 2

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 2

Tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation

Question 3

Self-serving bias

Answer 3

Tendency for individuals to take credit by making dispositional or internal attributions for positive outcomes and situational or external attributions for negative outcomes

Question 4

Just-world hypothesis

Answer 4

Ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

Question 5

Social Role

Answer 5

Socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

Question 6

Stanford prison experiment

Answer 6

Stanford University conducted an experiment in a mock prison that demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts

Question 6

Script

Answer 6

Person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

Question 7

Attitude

Answer 7

Evaluations of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative

Question 8

Cognitive dissonance

Answer 8

Psychological discomfort that arises from a conflict in a person’s behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs that runs counter to one’s positive self-perception

Question 9

Persuasion

Answer 9

Process of changing our attitude toward something based on some form of communication

Question 10

Central route persuasion

Answer 10

Logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness

Question 11

Peripheral route persuasion

Answer 11

One person persuades another person; an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues (such as positive emotions and celebrity endorsement) to associate positivity with a message

Question 12

Foot-in-the-door technique

Answer 12

Persuasion of one person by another person, encouraging a person to agree to a small favor, or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item

Question 13

Conformity

Answer 13

When individuals change their behavior to go along with the group even if they do not agree with the group

Question 14

Asch effect

Answer 14

Group majority influences an individual’s judgment, even when that judgment is inaccurate

Question 15

Normative social influence

Answer 15

Conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group

Question 16

Milgram’s experiment

Answer 16

That shock experiment with the students giving wrong answers

Question 17

Group polarization

Answer 17

Strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within the group

Question 17

Informational social influence

Answer 17

Conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information

Question 18

Altruism

Answer 18

Humans’ desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

Question 19

Proximity

Answer 19

Things that are close to one another tend to be grouped together

Question 20

Reciprocity

Answer 20

Give and take in relationships

Question 20

Stereotype

Answer 20

Overgeneralized beliefs about people may lead to prejudice.

Question 20

Prejudice

Answer 20

Feelings may influence treatment of others, leading to discrimination.

Question 20

Discrimination

Answer 20

Holding stereotypes and harboring prejudice may lead to excluding, avoiding, and biased treatment of group members.