Chapter 12: Social Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Intrapersonal

A

Internal

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2
Q

Interpersonal

A

Between people

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2
Q

Dispositionism

A

Asserts that our behavior is determined by internal factors, such as personality traits and temperament

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2
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Tendency to overemphasize internal factors as attributions for behavior and underestimate the power of the situation

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3
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Tendency for individuals to take credit by making dispositional or internal attributions for positive outcomes and situational or external attributions for negative outcomes

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4
Q

Just-world hypothesis

A

Ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve

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5
Q

Social Role

A

Socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

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6
Q

Stanford prison experiment

A

Stanford University conducted an experiment in a mock prison that demonstrated the power of social roles, social norms, and scripts

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6
Q

Script

A

Person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting

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7
Q

Attitude

A

Evaluations of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative

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8
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Psychological discomfort that arises from a conflict in a person’s behaviors, attitudes, or beliefs that runs counter to one’s positive self-perception

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9
Q

Persuasion

A

Process of changing our attitude toward something based on some form of communication

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10
Q

Central route persuasion

A

Logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness

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11
Q

Peripheral route persuasion

A

One person persuades another person; an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues (such as positive emotions and celebrity endorsement) to associate positivity with a message

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12
Q

Foot-in-the-door technique

A

Persuasion of one person by another person, encouraging a person to agree to a small favor, or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item

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13
Q

Conformity

A

When individuals change their behavior to go along with the group even if they do not agree with the group

14
Q

Asch effect

A

Group majority influences an individual’s judgment, even when that judgment is inaccurate

15
Q

Normative social influence

A

Conformity to a group norm to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by the group

16
Q

Milgram’s experiment

A

That shock experiment with the students giving wrong answers

17
Q

Group polarization

A

Strengthening of the original group attitude after discussing views within the group

17
Q

Informational social influence

A

Conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information

18
Q

Altruism

A

Humans’ desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

19
Q

Proximity

A

Things that are close to one another tend to be grouped together

20
Q

Reciprocity

A

Give and take in relationships

20
Q

Stereotype

A

Overgeneralized beliefs about people may lead to prejudice.

20
Q

Prejudice

A

Feelings may influence treatment of others, leading to discrimination.

20
Q

Discrimination

A

Holding stereotypes and harboring prejudice may lead to excluding, avoiding, and biased treatment of group members.