Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

Psychological disorder

Answer 1

Condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Question 2

DSM

Answer 2

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 3

Comorbidity

Answer 3

Co-occurrence of two disorders in the same individual

Question 4

Supernatural vs biological perspective

Answer 4

Supernatural perspective - mental differences are caused due to stuff like demons and magic

Biological perspective - mental differences are caused due to differences in biology

Question 5

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 5

Suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder (a diathesis) are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with stress; model of psychopathology

Question 6

Anxiety disorder

Answer 6

Characterized by excessive and persistent fear and anxiety, and by related disturbances in behavior

Question 7

Agoraphobia

Answer 7

Anxiety disorder characterized by intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations in which it might be difficult to escape if one experiences symptoms of a panic attack

Question 8

Safety behaviors

Answer 8

Mental and behavior acts designed to reduce anxiety in social situations by reducing the chance of negative social outcomes; common in social anxiety disorder

Question 9

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Answer 9

Characterized by a continuous state of excessive, uncontrollable, and pointless worry and apprehension

Question 9

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Answer 9

Characterized by the tendency to experience intrusive and unwanted thoughts and urges (obsession) and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) in response to the unwanted thoughts and urges

Question 10

PTSD symptoms

Answer 10

Flashbacks, heightened awareness, trouble sleeping, nightmares, constant anxiety

Question 11

Manic episode

Answer 11

Period in which an individual experiences mania, characterized by extremely cheerful and euphoric mood, excessive talkativeness, irritability, increased activity levels, and other symptoms

Question 12

Schizophrenia

Answer 12

Severe disorder characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception, emotion, and behavior with symptoms that include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking and behavior, and negative symptoms

Question 13

Dopamine hypothesis

Answer 13

Theory of schizophrenia that proposes that an overabundance of dopamine or dopamine receptors is responsible for the onset and maintenance of schizophrenia

Question 14

Dissociative disorders

Answer 14

Dissociative disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) in which a person exhibits two or more distinct, well-defined personalities or identities and experiences memory gaps for the time during which another identity emerged

Question 15

Personality disorders: three clusters

Answer 15

Antisocial, Narcissistic, Avoidant