Relationships

Question 1

Ductus deferens exists ____

Answer 1

THE ABDOMEN POSTERIOR TO THE PERITONEAL CAVITY

external iliac artery and vein are posterior to the peritoneal cavity

Question 2

External iliac artery becomes the femoral artery where?

Answer 2

once it crosses the inguinal ligament

Question 3

cremaster arteries branch from

Answer 3

inferior epigastric a.

Question 4

“entrance” of spermatic cord into canal

Answer 4

deep inguinal ring

Question 5

Inguinal Canal Contents: male

Answer 5

contains

ductus deferens 
ilioinguinal n.
genital branch of genitofermoral n.
testicular a.
pampiniform plexus of veins all surrounded by fascial layers 

superficial inguinal ring: “exit” point of spermatic cord through external oblique muscle

Question 6

Tests develop _______ (primarily or secondarily etc)

Answer 6

retroperitoneal from urogenital ridge of mesoderm in the UIPPER lumbar/lower thoracic region

then they migrate inferiorly

Question 7

Gubernaculum

Answer 7

testes attached to gubernaculum which is attached inferiorly to the labial scrotal fold

it guides inferior migration

Question 8

processus vaginalis

Answer 8

at around 7 months, the process vaginalis is a pouch of peritoneum which develops and pushes into labial scrotal swelling

Question 9

what does the gubernaculum do?

Answer 9

pulls the testes into the developing scrotum THROUGH the inguinal canal

Question 10

along with the testes, what are being pulled through the inguinal canal and into the early scrotum?

Answer 10

testes, ductus deferens, lymphatics, testicular vessels and nerves

Question 11

What happens to the process vaginalis in boys?

Answer 11

it should close off and become an isolated pocket of peritoneum, the tunica vaginalis

Question 12

Cryptorchidism

Answer 12

undescended testes
associated with prematurity
men with a history of cryptorchidism have a higher incidence of testicular cancer

Question 13

Hydroceles can form in two places

Answer 13

the tunica vaginalis and the spermatic cord

Question 14

hemorrhage often occurs in the

Answer 14

tunica vaginalis due to injury of the spermatic cord

Question 15

hematocele =

Answer 15

blood in the tunica vaginalis

Question 16

Descent of testes: the fascial layers involved

Answer 16

as testes descend they acquire four layers:

1. tunica vaginalis (partially covers tests)
2. external spermatic fascia
3. cremaster muscle/fascia
4. internal spermatic fascia

Question 17

round ligament of the ovaries

Answer 17

upper gubernaculum

Question 18

round ligament of the uterus

Answer 18

lower gubernaculum

Question 19

inguinal content of a female

Answer 19

contains round ligament of uterus
ilioinguinal n.
genital branch of genitofemoral n

Question 20

deep inguinal ring in women

Answer 20

“entrance” of round ligament of uterus into canal

Question 21

superficial inguinal ring in women

Answer 21

“exit” of round ligament of uterus into canal

Question 22

femoral hernias vs inguinal hernias

Answer 22

femoral hernias exit the abdomen through the femoral canal, inferior to the inguinal ligament

Question 23

femoral hernias are more common in ___ than in ____

Answer 23

women than in men

Question 24

how are inguinal hernias differentiated from femoral hernias?

Answer 24

their location to the epigastric arteries specifically the inferior epigastric a.)

Question 25

Direct inguinal hernia will be ____ to the inferior epigastric artery

Answer 25

medial

the NECK of the hernial sac is medial to the inferior epigastric a.

Question 26

what is the cause of a direct inguinal hernia

Answer 26

a weak conjoint tendon
more often bilateral than indirect
more common in older males

Question 27

Lateral inguinal fossa =

Answer 27

deep inguinal ring

Question 28

medial inguinal fossa =

Answer 28

hesselbach’s triangle

Question 29

The supravesicular fossa: relationships

Answer 29

medial to median umbilical fold

Question 30

medial inguinal fossa

Answer 30

also known as hesselbach’s triangle

lateral to the median umbilical fold but median to the medial umbilical fold,

Question 31

lateral inguinal fossa

Answer 31

is lateral to the lateral umbilical fold, which carries the inferior epigastric artery and v

Question 32

indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 32

the neck of the hernial sac lies lateral to the inferior epigastric artery

Question 33

what does a direct inguinal hernia “push” through versus indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 33

direct inguinal hernia “directly” pushes through the anterior abdominal wall through a weak inguinal triangle

indirect inguinal hernia push through the deep inguinal ring, through the canal, and exists the superficial ring

Question 34

indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 34

pushes through deep inguinal ring and out the superficial inguinal ring

common in young children (males)
often due to incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis

most inguinal hernias are indirect

Question 35

what causes an indirect inguinal hernia most often

Answer 35

incomplete closure of the processus vaginalis

Question 36

most inguinal hernias are

Answer 36

indirect

Question 37

gubernaculum in women becomes the

Answer 37

upper gubernaculum becomes the ligament of the ovary

lower gubernaculum becomes the round ligament of uterus

Question 38

dartos muscle and fascia is derived from

Answer 38

scarpas layer

Question 39

external spermatic fascia is derived from

Answer 39

external abdominal oblique

Question 40

cremaster muscle is derived from

Answer 40

internal abdominal oblique

Question 41

cremaster fascia is derived from

Answer 41

fascia of superficial AND deep surfaces of the internal oblique muscle

Question 42

internal spermatic fascia is derived from

Answer 42

transversalis fascia

Question 43

tunica vaginalis is derived from

Answer 43

peritoneum