Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COM Anatomy, Biochemistry, OS > Intro to Sacrum > Flashcards

Intro to Sacrum Flashcards

1
Q

Bony anatomy of sacrum: sacral canal

A

contains cauda equina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bony anatomy of sacrum: sacral hiatus

A

defect near the apex where the lamina failed to close

site of sacral epidural nerve blocks injected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bony anatomy of sacrum: Coccyx

A

4 vertebrae, some fused some not
attached to sacral apex via sacrococcygeal joint
possesses the ganglion impar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Bony anatomy of sacrum: ganglion impar

A

where right and left sympathetic chains meet on the surface of the coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

male vs female sacrum characteristics: angle between ischial tuberosities

A

more than 90 deg in women, 90 or less in men typically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

male vs female sacrum characteristics: sacrum

A

tilted forward in men, tilted backwards in women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

male vs female sacrum characteristics: pelvic outlet

A

big pelvic outlet in women, small pelvic outlet in men

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sacral sulci: location

A

two bilateral palpable grooves medial and slightly superior to the PSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True pelvic ligaments

A

anterior sacroiliac lig
posterior sacroiliac lig
interosseous sacroiliac lig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Accessory pelvic ligaments

A

sacrotuberous lig
sacrospinous lig
ililumbar lig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

accessory lig =

A

ligs that attach to other ligs, tendons, or fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True Pelvic Ligaments: Anterior/ventral sacroiliac ligament

A

flat bands

attach from 3rd sacral segment to preauricular surace of ilium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

True Pelvic Ligaments: interosseous sacroiliac ligament

A

massive bands attaching medial sacral crests to the iliac tuberosities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True Pelvic Ligaments: Posterior/Dorsal sacroiliac ligament

A

thicker with multiple layers
connects PSIS to 3rd and 4th sacral segments
close anatomical relations with the erector spinae muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

attaches sacrum to ischial tuberosity

glut max and tendon of biceps femoris attach

has “Friend” lig: sacrospinous lig

both stabilize anterior motion, prevents posterior/superior rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sacrospinous lig

A

friend lig: sacrotuberous lig
stabilizes anterior otion

divides space and below into a greater and lesser sciatic foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

iliolumbar ligament

A

attaches 4th/5th lumbar vertebra to iliac crests

stabilizes posterior motion, restricting anterior motion of L4/L5

upper part blends in with sacroiliac lig

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Primary muscles of the pelvic diaphragm

A

levator ani group and coccygeus muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

levator ani group

A

primary muscle of the pelvic diaphragm. includes pubococcygeus m., puborectalis m., iliococcygeus m.

20
Q

coccygeus mm.

A

primary pelvic diaphragm m.

21
Q

secondary muscles “considered to have partial attachments to the true pelvis”

A

rectus abdominis
transverse abdominis

internal and external oblique

quadratus lumborum

22
Q

Dural connections between cranium and sacrum

A

cranial dural attachment: foramen magnum, C1 and C2

sacral dural attachment: S2

23
Q

Force closure

A

holding an object by pressure on the sides

created by muscles, ligaments, and fascia surrounding the SI joint

24
Q

Form closure

A

“stacking” or the use of a roman artch as a self supporting structure

sacrum acts as the keystone of the arch, being wedged between the iliums

25
Q

Sacral forces

A

angle of the SI joint, wedge the sacrum in an anterior direction

significant pelvic forces pushing posteriorly

significant dorsal SI ligaments help counteract the major pelvic forces pushing posteriorly

26
Q

Sacral axes

A

2 oblique
3 transverse axises
1 anterior-posterior axis
1 vertical axis

27
Q

respiratory axis

A

transverse axis 1: Superior (SI axis)

respiratory axis as well as nutation/counternutation

at level of articular process of S2, attachment of the dura

28
Q

Postural/Sacroiliac axis

A

transverse axis 2: middle (S2 axis)

axis for flexion/extension in sitting and standing

at the level of the body of S2

29
Q

Iliosacral axis

A

transverse axis 3: inferior S3 axis

at the level of the inferior pole of the lower sacral articulation

axis for rotation of the iliums on the sacrum

at the level of the inferior pole of the lower sacral articulation

30
Q

Right oblique axis

A

diagonal axis

named for cephalad side

runs from superiorly right to inferiorly left

31
Q

LEft oblique axis

A

named for cepehalad side

runs superiorly on the left to inferiorly on the right

32
Q

“dynamic motion”

A

occurs on oblique axis

33
Q

inherent motion

A

superior transverse axis

34
Q

inhalation and sacral movement around superior axis

A

sacral base moves posteriorly with inhalation

decreases lordosis

35
Q

exhalation and sacral movement around superior axis

A

sacral base moves anteriorly with exhalation

increases lordosis

36
Q

postural motion in standing/seated positions around the middle transverse axis

flexion vs extension

A 
flexion = base moves anteriorly, apex posteriorly 
extension = base moves posteriorly, apex anteriorly
37
Q

inherent motion

A

occurs around superior axis
SBS

movement from the sphenobasilar joint/synchondrosis/symphysis joint between cranial bones is transferred to the sacrum via the dural connections

during craniosacral extension, the sacral base moves anteriorly and the apex moves posteriorly

during craniosacral flexion, the sacral base moves posteriorly and the apex moves anteriorly during craniosacral flexion

38
Q

craniosacral extension

A

during craniosacral extension, the sacral base moves anteriorly and the apex moves posteriorly

39
Q

craniosacral extension

A

during craniosacral extension, the sacral base moves anteriorly and the apex moves posteriorly

40
Q

what is the relation between craniosacral flexion/extension and postural flexion/extension?

A

there isn’t one. entirely different

41
Q

nutation

A

sacral base moves anterior, sacral apex moves posteior

occurs with craniosacralSBS extension

42
Q

counternutation

A

sacral base moves posteriorly. sacral apex movex anteriorly

occurs with craniosacral/SBS flexion

43
Q

Anterior palpatory landmarks

A

iliac crests
greater trochanter
ASIS
public symphysis

44
Q

posterior palpatory landmarks

A

PSIS, Sacral base, sacral sulci, inferiolateral angles

ischial tuberositiy

45
Q

cranioflexion vs anatomical flexion

A

during craniosacral flexion, the sacral base moves posteriorly and the apex moves anteriorly during

during postural (sacral, or anatomical) flexion, the base moves anteriorly and the apex moves posteriorly

COM Anatomy, Biochemistry, OS (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions