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COM Anatomy, Biochemistry, OS > embryo devel of GI > Flashcards

embryo devel of GI Flashcards

1
Q

SOX2

A

specifies esophagus

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2
Q

PDX2

A

specifies doudenum

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3
Q

CDXC

A

small intestine

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4
Q

CDXA

A

large intestine

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5
Q

Two tissue layers required for embryological dev of GI

A

splanchnic mesoderm and endoderm

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6
Q

Endoderm

A

epithelial lining and glands

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7
Q

Splanchnic mesoderm

A

lamina propria, submucosa, muscularis layers, serosa/adventitia

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8
Q

the gut is suspended initially by a two layered peritoneum. what is it called

A

dorsal mesentery

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9
Q

foregut structures

A

esophagus
stomach, 1/2 duodenum,
liver, gall bladder, pancreas, spleen

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10
Q

midgut structures

A 
1/2 duodenum 
jejunum 
ileum
cecum and appendix 
ascending colon
2/3 transverse colon
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11
Q

hindgut

A 
1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
upper part of anal canal
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12
Q

foregut sympathetic innervation

preganglionic, splanchnic, preaortic, and postgang nerves follow what arteries?

A

Pregang: T5-T9
splanch: Greater splanch n.
Preaor: celiac
postgang follow the celiac a.

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13
Q

midgut sympathetic innervation

preganglionic, splanchnic, preaortic, and postgang nerves follow what arteries?

A

pregang: T9-T12
splanchnic n. lesser splanchnic n
preaortic n. superior mesenteric
postgangs follow superior mesenteric a

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14
Q

hindgut

preganglionic, splanchnic, preaortic, and postgang nerves follow what arteries?

A

pregang: T12-L2
splanchnic n: least splanchnic n
preaortic gang: inferior mesenteric n.
postganglionic axons follow: inferior mesenteric a

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15
Q

foregut parasym

pregang neuron bodies, nerve, location of ganglia

A

brainstem,

vagus n.

organ walls

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16
Q

midgut parasym

pregang neuron bodies, nerve, location of ganglia

A

brainstem,

vagus n.

organ walls

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17
Q

hindgut

pregang neuron bodies, nerve, location of ganglia

A

S2-S4
pelvic splanchnic n
organ walls

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18
Q

median umbilical ligament is the remnant of the

A

urachus (the continuation of the allantois)

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19
Q

median umbilical ligament is the remnant of the

A

umbilical arteries

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20
Q

lateral umbilical ligament holds the

A

inferior epigastric a. and v.

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21
Q

Describe the basic mechanism of the laryngeotreacheal diverticulum’s development in the lungs and the abnormalities that can occur

A

laryngeotracheal diverticium buds come off a tube of a primitive pharhynx —> they develop into the lungs while the pharynx tube differentiates into the esophagus/pharhynx. the laryngotracheal tube is the initial bud: between it and the pharynx, a “tracheosophageal fold” splits the laryngeotracheal bud from the esophagus. that split is where things can go wrong.

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22
Q

fistulas vs atresia

A

fistula is an inappropriate connection between tubes

atresia is a tube that inappropriate ends in a blind pouch.

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23
Q

esophageal stenosis or atresia

A

narrowed or occluded esophagus due to incomplete recanalization, usually found in the lower 1/3

24
Q

barrets esophagus

A

acid reflux changes epithelia lining of the esophagus

stratified squamous to simple columnar with goblet cells

25
Q

Zenker’s diverticulum

A

esophageal diverticulum

26
Q

the midgut of the primitive stomach grows into what structure

A

the vitelline duct

the DORSAL side of the stomach expands rapidly and twists 90 degrees

27
Q

the abdominal stomach and esophagus are initially suspended by

A

ventral and dorsal mesentery

28
Q

which side of the stomach expands rapidly, and the twists in what direction

in what direction do the right and left sides of the primitive stomach end up facing, and how does this effect the vagal trunks

A

stomach’s dorsal side
twists 90 degrees clockwise

the stomach’s LEFT side is now anterior, and the stomach’s right side is now posterior

therefore, the left vagus becomes the anterior vagal trunk and the right vagus the posterior vagal trunk

29
Q

a child 2-3 weeks old comes to the hospital with bile-free projectile emesis and an distended stomach with prominent peristaltic activity

A

hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

30
Q

double bubble sign

A

refers to radiograph image in which both proximal duodenum and stomach are distended by gas, which indicates a doudenal atresia

emesis would have bile in it.

31
Q

duodenal duplication cyst

A

tubular structure containing GI epithelium, smooth muscle and adherence to a part of the alimentary canal

32
Q

gastric duplication cyst

A

scan shows and abdominal mass, which is suggestive of a meconium pseudocyst

peritonitis and ascites

33
Q

what organs develop in the ventral mesentery

A

liver, gallbladder, and and some of the pancreas

34
Q

the pancreas develops from what mesenteries

A

some ventral and some dorsal

35
Q

all foregut endoderm has the potential to express ___ genes and to differentiate into the ____

A

liver specific genes, differentiate into the liver

hepatic genes are blocked by signals from mesoderm and ectoderm

36
Q

the whole foregut endoderm expresses genes specifying the liver, but are blocked by signals from other tissue layers. what “inhibits these block-signals” in the hepatic area to allow it to grow?

A

cardiac FGF2
septum transversum BMP

these instruct the gut to express liver specific genes

37
Q

hepatic cord cells coalesce around what in order to form sinusoids ?

A

extraembryonic veins

38
Q

Right and Left Peritoneal diverticulums

A

these areas into which the liver and stomach are growing or twisting

39
Q

Growth of the liver divides the ventral mesentery into the

A

falciform ligament and lesser omentum

40
Q

ventral mesentery (1) —>

A

falciform ligament

41
Q

ventral mesentery (2) —>

A

lesser omentum

42
Q

the umbilical vein travels via the

A

falciform ligament

43
Q

ductus venosus

A

connects the umbilical vein to the IVC,

becomes the ligamentum venosum

44
Q

Extrahepatic biliary atresia

A

incomplete recanalization of the bile duct

child is jaundiced, high levels of bilirubin in bloodstream

45
Q

child in the ER has dark urine, pale stool, and is jaundiced. diagnosis

A

extrahepatic biliary atresia

46
Q

PDX1

A

regulates pancreas and duodenum development

47
Q

PAX4

A

cells secreting insulin

48
Q

PAX6

A

cells secreting glucagon

49
Q

islets of langerhands appear in the

A

3rd fetal month

50
Q

insulin secretion begins by the

A

5th month

51
Q

what genes specify endocrine cell lineages??

A

paired homeobox genes

52
Q

dorsal pancreatic duct —> ____ papilla

A

minor

53
Q

major pancreatic duct —> papilla

A

major

54
Q

annular pancreas

A

ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds form a ring around the duodenum

presents as duodenal obstruction

55
Q

ectopic pancreatic tissue

A

can be found from distal esophagus to the primary intestinal loop (roughly distal part of transverse colon)

most common in stomach or ileum (ileal or MEckel’s diverticulum)

COM Anatomy, Biochemistry, OS (34 decks)

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