DSA 1 for Lopez

Question 1

3 classes of hormones

Answer 1

amino acids and peptides, steroids, and amines

Question 2

peptide hormone synthesis

Answer 2

begins as preprohormone mRNA, and then translated by ribosomes at the ER; translocated into ER and the signal peptide is cleaved to produce a prohormone. further cleavage is done in the Golgi apparatus to produce the final peptide form. it is then stored in vesicles in the cytoplasm.

Question 3

amine hormones

Answer 3

epinephrine, norepinephrine- made from tyrosine in the adrenal medulla

Question 4

steroid hormones

Answer 4

cortisol, aldosterone, testosterone, progesterone, estradiol, and vitamine D

most are made in the adrenals, gonads, placenta, corpus luteum

Question 5

Loop Long feedback

Answer 5

hormones “feedback” all the way to the hypothalamic-pituitary axis

Question 6

Short loop feedback

Answer 6

means hormones from anterior pituitary feedback on hypothalamus

Question 7

ultrashort feedback

Answer 7

hypothalamic hormones feedback to inhibit themselves

Question 8

the primary example of positive feedback in the endocrine system

the secondary example given in the text

Answer 8

primary: estrogen’s PFB on FSH/LH secretion

secondary is oxytocin: dilation of the cervix causes PP to secrete oxytocin. in turn, this causes uterine contractions, which further stimulates oxytocin release