Hypothalamic Releasing and Inhibiting Hormones and related materials

Question 1

hypothalamus—Anterior Pituitary–Target tissue/Response

thyrotropin releasing hormone

Answer 1

TRH stimulates thyroid stimulating hormone release from AP

TSH stimulates T3 and T4 hormones from thyroid

Question 2

hypothalamus–Anterior Pituitary–Target tissue/Response

GnRH

Answer 2

Gonadotropin Releasing hormone stimulates LH and FSH release from AP
FSH acts to develop the ovaries, spermatogenesis in the testes

LH stimulates ovulation, estrogen, progesterone production in ovaries, and testosterone production in the testes

Question 3

hypothalamus–Anterior Pituitary–Target tissue/Response

CRH

Answer 3

corticotropin releasing hormone stimulates adrenocorticotropic hormone from AP, which stimulates cortisol release

stimulates adrenal cortex to release cortisol

Question 4

hypothalamus–Anterior Pituitary–Target tissue/Response

GHRH

Answer 4

stimulates release of growth hormone from AP which stimulates growth, decreases glucose uptake, increases protein synthesis, organ size, and lean body mass

Question 5

hypothalamus–Anterior Pituitary–Target tissue/Response

stomatostatin

Answer 5

inhibits release of GH and TSH from AP

Question 6

hypothalamus–Anterior Pituitary–Target tissue/Response

Prolactin inhibiting hormone

Answer 6

aka dopamine

inhibits prolactin release from AP

prolactine stimulates lactation and inhibits FSH, LH, and GnRH

Question 7

bitemporal hemianopsia

Answer 7

pituitary adenoma compresses the optic chiasm, causing issues with peripheral vision

Question 8

pituitary adenoma that compresses itself =

Answer 8

hypopituitarism , causes headaches

Question 9

Follicule Stimulating hormone

stimulated by
inhibited by
effect

Answer 9

gonadotroph, secreted by basophils

Stimulated by

GnRH from hypothalamus

inhibited by

inhibin
feedback inhibition by estrogen in females

effect

FSH stimulates ovarian follicle maturation and estrogen production in females, stimulates sertoli cells to produce sperm in males

Question 10

Luteinizing Hormone

stimulated by
inhibited by
effect

Answer 10

gonadotroph, secreted by basophils

stimulated by

GnRG from hypothalamus

inhibited by

feedback inhibition by estrogen and progesterone in females, and testosterone in males

effect

LH triggers ovulation and stimulates ovarian production of estrogen and progesteron in females

promotes Leydig cell production of testosterone in males

Question 11

Adrenocroticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

stimulated by
inhibited by
effect

Answer 11

corticotroph, secreted by basophils

stimulated by

CRH from hypothalamus

inhibited by

feedback inhibition by glucocorticoids (cortisol)

effect: stimulates adrenal cotext to release glucocorticoids and androgens

Question 12

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

stimulated by
inhibited by
effect

Answer 12

thyrotrophs (basophils)

stimulated by

TRH from hypothalamus

inhibited by

feedback inhibition by thyroid hormones (T3/T4)

Effect

stimulates thyroid gland to release T3/T4 to control metabolism

Question 13

Prolactin

stimulated by
inhibited by
effect

Answer 13

mammotrophs/lactotrophs (acidophils)

stimulated by

prolactin releasing hormone and TRH, from from hypothal

inhibited by

prolactin inhibiting hormone

effect

stimulates milk production and promotes lactation
inhibits GnRH and thus FSH & LH

Question 14

Growth Hormone (GH)

stimulated by
inhibited by
effect

Answer 14

somatotrp[hs (acidophils)

stimulated by

GHRH from hypothalamus
hypoglycemia, low levels of FAs, high blood levels of a.a and exercise

effect

indirectly stimulates overall growth of bone and soft tissue via production of insulin like growth factor-1 aka somatomedin

Question 15

Kallman Syndrome

Answer 15

hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

genetic mutation that prevents migration of GnRH neurons to arcuate nucleus/olfactory neurons

Question 16

ADH

where it is produced, stored, stimulant, receptors for ADH, and effects

Answer 16

produced mostly in the supraoptic nuclei, although some produced in the paraventricular nuclei

stored in herring bodies in the pars nervosa

hypothalamic baroreceptors and osmoreceptors monitor salt and pressure levels, stimulate pars nervosa to secrete ADH

acts on V2 receptors in distal convoluted collecting ducts, causes water retention and concentrates urine

POTENT vasoconstrictor at high doses (via V1 receptors)

Question 17

Oxytocin

where it is produced, stored, stimulant, receptors for ADH, and effects

Answer 17

produced by paraventricular nucleus, stored in posterior pit.

helps uterine contractions during child bird, facilitates milk ejection

“feel good hormone” released during cuddling