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COM Anatomy, Biochemistry, OS > Posterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

posterior abdominal wall muscles

A

posar maj, min, quadratus lumborum, iliacus

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2
Q

psoas major:

A

Prox att: T12-L5
Distal att: lesser trochanter via common tendon w/iliacus

innervation: L2,3,4 via lumbar plexus
actions: flexion at hip+unilateral sidebending

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3
Q

iliacus

A

prox: iliac fossa
distal: lesser trochanter via common tendion w/psoas mah

innervation: femoral n.
actions: flexion at the hip

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4
Q

Psoas minor

A

Prox att: T12-L1
Distal att: pectineal line on superior pubic ramus

innervation: L1 and L2

fixes the 12th rib during DEEP INSPIRATION
depresses 12 rib

assists in bilateral trunk extension, side bending

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5
Q

what’s the big thing the psoas minor does during respiration?

A

it fixes the rib during deep inspiration

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6
Q

Quadratus Lumborum m.

A

prox att: iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
distal att: medial, inferior aspect of 12 rib

innervation T12-L4

fixes rib during inspiration (compare to posas minor, which fixes the rib during DEEP inspiration)

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7
Q

Psoas Syndrome

A 
pain in the lumbosacral region 
Pain in the contralateral gluteal region
radiation of pain usually stopping at the knee
difficulty standing up straight 
may mimic herniated disc
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8
Q

Differential diagnosis for psoas syndrome

A

appendicitis, colon cancer, hip dysfunction, diverticulitis

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9
Q

all the abdominal aorta arteries that branch off at T12

A

celiac trunk
inferior phrenic
middle and superior suprarenal

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10
Q

all the abdominal aorta arteries that branch off a L1

A

SMA
first lumbar
inferior supra renal
1/2 renal (L1/L2)

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11
Q

all the abdominal aorta arteries that branch off a L2

A

1/2 renal a., gonadal a. second lumbar a.

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12
Q

all the abdominal aorta arteries that branch off a L3

A

IMA, third lumbar

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13
Q

all the abdominal aorta arteries that branch off at L4

A

fourth lumbar a

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14
Q

all the abdominal aorta arteries that branch off a L5

A

bifurcation

r/l common iliac, r/l external iliacs, r/l internal iliacs, median sacral a.

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15
Q

respiratory diaphragm

borders

A

xiphisternal joint
costal margin
vertebral body T12
right and left domes are at T12, but superior surface can extend to rib 5

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16
Q

3 peripheral origins of diaphragm inset on the central tendon

A
  1. sternal origin
  2. costal origin
  3. vertebral origin
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17
Q

Right and left crus of the diaphragm

A

MEET at the aortic hiatus

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18
Q

right crus

A

longer, forms esophageal hiatus

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19
Q

left crus

A

shorter and more lateral

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20
Q

Caval opening is @

A

T8

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21
Q

T8: opening, and structures

A

caval opening, IVC, branches of right phrenic nerve, lymphatics from liver

22
Q

T10: opening, and structures

A

Esophageal hiatus

esophagus, anterior/posterior vagal trunks, esophageal branches of left gastric a.

23
Q

T12: opening, structures

A

aortic hiatus, aorta, thoracic duct

azygous vein

24
Q

sternocostal hiatus

A

superior epigastric vessels

25
Q

arcuate ligaments: name them

A

median, medial, lateral

26
Q

arcuate ligaments form what posterior structures?

A

Median arcuate lig: aortic hiatus
medial arcuate lig: gap for psoas maj.
lateral arcuate lig: gap for quadratus lumborum

27
Q

Parasternal hernias

A

sternocostal triangle

located between sternal and costal parts of diaphragm

28
Q

Pleuroperitoneal hernias

A

lunbocostal triangle

located between 12 rib and diaphragm

29
Q

this hernia occurs between the sternal and costal parts of the diaphragm

A

parasternal, in the sterncostal triangle

30
Q

this hernia occurs between the 12th rib and the diaphragm

A

pleuroperitoneal hernias

31
Q

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

failure of pleuroperitoneal membranes to fuse with other components of the diaphragm

32
Q

Respiratory distress and cyanosis in the first minutes or hours of life

A

congenital diaphragmatic hernia
unusually flat abdomen

usually occurs within the first hour of life

33
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

occurs through esophageal hiatus into mediastinum, 2 kinds: sliding and paraesophageal

34
Q

Sliding hernia

A

abdominal esophagus, cardia, and fundus of the stomach slide superiorly into the thorax

some regurgitation of gastric content may occur

35
Q

Paraesophageal hernia

A

cardia remains in position, but the fundus extends through the hiatus , usually no regurgitation.

36
Q

Blood supply to diaphragm: superior surface

A

pericardiacophrenic A
musculophrenic A
superior phrenic A

37
Q

Blood supply to diaphragm: inferior surface

A

inferior phrenic A
R: passes posterior to IVC
L: passes posterior to esophagus

38
Q

Innervation of diaphragm: motor

A

MOTOR: C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive- only motor innervation. some branches run with phrenic A

39
Q

Innervation of diaphragm: sensory

A

the central tendon (central part)- phrenic n.

peripheral portion: intercostal n.

40
Q

Lymphatics: basic reminder

A

thoracic duct drains 3/4 of body + left side of upper extremities

41
Q

Lymphatics: superior surface

A

Anterior diaphragmatic nodes —> parasternal nodes

42
Q

Lymphatics: posterior surface

A

Posterior diaphragmatic nodes –> mediastinal nodes

43
Q

Lymphatics: inferior surface

A

celiac nodes

superior lumbar nodes

44
Q

where is the cisterna chyle?

A

behind (roughly) the superior mesenteric plexus

45
Q

Lower Extremity, Perineum, Gluteal region: lymphatic must travel

A

through the abdomen —> thoracic duct (L1/L2)

46
Q

Body wall: lymphatics must travel

A

to the lumbar lymph trunks —> thoracic duct (L1/L2)

47
Q

GI tracts: lymphatics must travel

A

enters intestinal lymph trunks —> thoracic duct (L1/L2)

48
Q

celiac nodes —>

A

intestinal lymphatic trunk

49
Q

lumbar nodes –>

A

intestinal lymphatic trunk

50
Q

superior mesenteric nodes –>

A

intestinal lymphatic trunk

51
Q

inferior mesenteric nodes —>

A

intestinal lymphatic trunk

52
Q

cisterna chyli

A

collects lymph from intestinal lymphatic trunk and lumbar lymphatic trunks

COM Anatomy, Biochemistry, OS (34 decks)

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