relatii interpersonale: iubirea, menținerea și comiterea

Question 1

What is the relationship between hormones and love

Answer 1

The hormones released during the female menstrual cycle influence women’s attraction to men

Women become more attracted to men when they are most likely to become pregnant

Women become attracted especially to men with symmetrical and masculine characteristics - they signal health and genetic fitness

HOWEVER
Underpowered studies

Question 2

What is love

Answer 2

Commitment device - helps avoiding threats to the relationship of people that together care for offspring

Question 3

What was found about romantic love reminder?

Answer 3

People who were reminded that they have a partner, decreased attention to faces of attractive people of the opposite sex

Question 4

What is oxytocin?

Answer 4

A hormone important in female reduction.
Its levels increase during nursing to help mothers bond with infants.

Question 5

How does oxytocin influence social behaviours

Answer 5

Oxytocin influences the development of long-term romantic attachments

Question 6

What is oxytocin in relation to love?

Answer 6

The experience of romantic love is associated with the release of oxytocin

Question 7

What is vasopressin?

Answer 7

A nonapeptide synthesised in the hypothalamus

Question 8

What is the triangular theory of love?

Answer 8

3 components
Commitment - you are in the relationship for keeps

Passion - how much longing you feel

Intimacy - how well you communicate with the person you love, how close you feel, how much you trust each other

Different combinations give you different kinds of love

Question 9

What is the love if you have commitment alone?

Answer 9

Empty love

Question 10

What is the love if you have passion alone?

Answer 10

Infatuation

Question 11

What is the love if you have intimacy alone

Answer 11

Liking, friendship

Question 12

What if you have commitment + passion?

Answer 12

Fatuous love

Question 13

What if you have commitment + intimacy?

Answer 13

Companionate love

Question 14

What if you have passion + intimacy?

Answer 14

Romantic love

Question 15

What if you have all 3?

Answer 15

Consummate love

Question 16

What is passionate love?

Answer 16

Passionate love is related to activation of reward related brain regions, arousal and novelty

Functions as positive emotion - evoked in presence of stimulus

Related to sexual drive - but the 2 involve different brain systems

Question 17

What is the self-expansion model?

Answer 17

Yearning to grow and expand is key motivation in humans - so people enjoy novel, exciting and challenging activities which promote growth

When ppl form romantic relationship, their own sense of self assimilated some of the qualities and characteristics of their partner

Question 18

What is brain like in the infatuation or passionate love?

Answer 18

Increased activity in Ventral Tegmental Area - reward system, dopamine system, addiction

Decreased activity in prefrontal cortex - brain system related to decision making and critical thought

Question 19

What is brain like in attachment or compassionate love?

Answer 19

you feel more relaxed and committed
oxytocin and vasopressin - peer bonding hormones that signal trust, social support and attachment
hormones help bond families

oxytocin - inhibit the realest of stress hormones so u may feel relaxed around the person

problems in relationship become more evident

Question 20

What is the brain like during a break up

Answer 20

distress of break up activates insular cortex - processes pain both physical and social like feelings of rejection

as time goes on higher cortical regions which oversee impulse control can pump the breaks on this distress and craving signalling

Question 21

What are the 3 brain systems that evolved for mating and reproduction? Fisher

Answer 21

sex drive - hypothalamus stimulated the production of sex hormones testosterone and estrogen

feelings of intense romantic love - hypothalamus produces dopamine that’s released during attraction

attachment - hypothalamus produces oxytocin and vasopressin that’s released during attachment

Question 22

Why have these 3 brain systems evolved? Fisher

Answer 22

sex drive evolved to go look for partners

romantic love evolved to focus your mating energy on a mate one at a time

attachment evolved to stick to this person to raise a child through infancy

Question 23

What is the brain like at rejection (Fisher)

Answer 23

activity in brain regions linked with craving and addiction

nucleus accumbus becomes active when you are addicted to cocaine
romantic love when you re rejected is an addiction

Question 24

What are exchange relationships?

Answer 24

Relationships governed by the need for equity (an equal ratio of rewards and costs)

Question 25

What is communal relationships?

Answer 25

Relationships in which people’s primary concern is being responsive to the other person’s needs

Question 26

What are exchange relationships governed by?

Answer 26

Equity concerns:
- we like to be repaid immediately for our favours
- feel exploited when our favours are not returned
- keep track who is contributing what to ship
- being able to help the person has no effect on mood

Question 27

What are communal relationships governed by?

Answer 27

Responsiveness to other’s needs:
- do not like to be repaid immediately for our favours
- do not feel exploited when favours are not repaid
- do not keep track of who is contributing what
- helping the person puts us in a good mood

Question 28

What are the factors contributing the relationship maintenance

Answer 28

similarity
reciprocity - develops intimacy, closeness and trust
equity
responsiveness

Question 29

how does similarity contribute to the relationship maintenance

Answer 29

rships are more satisfactory and more likely to continue when the individuals develop and maintain similar interests and continue to share their important values and beliefs over time

Question 30

what is the difference in similarity between friendships and romantic relationships

Answer 30

friendships form based on perceived similarity rather than actual personality similarity

in romantic relationships, actual similarity and closeness are more important

Question 31

what is reciprocal self discolsure

Answer 31

the tendency to communicate frequently, share feelings, thoughts and experiences without fear of reprisal

revealing personal information about oneself to someone else

Question 32

what are the implications of revealing personal information

Answer 32

fundamental human need
important
development and maintenance of self-concept
contributes to personal growth

Question 33

what is trust

Answer 33

the abstract, positive expectation that a partner can be relied on to care for one and be responsive to one’s needs, now and in the future

key to attachment

Question 34

what are the 3 components of trust

Answer 34

predictability - frequent violations of expectations results in diminished trust

dependability - can you rely on this person

faith - belief that in future situations, this person can be relied upon

Question 35

what is equity

Answer 35

if one or both partners feel that they are unfairly contributing more than their fair share, and if this inequity continues, the relationship will suffer

partners who feel they are contributing more will become upset

ppl stay in rships longer when they feel that they are being rewarded by them

Question 36

what is perceived partner responseiveness

Answer 36

feeling that relationship partners recognise, value, and behaviourally support the self

felling understood, validated and cared for

Question 37

what is commitment

Answer 37

the feelings and actions that keep partners working together to maintain a relationship

committed partners are less likely to imagine themselves with anyone else, rate their own parter as more attractive and are less likely to break up even if costs become high

Question 38

what is rusbult’s investment model

Question 39

what is attachment style

Answer 39

individual differences in how people relate to others in close relationships - determines the quality of close relationships

Question 40

how is attachment style learnt

Answer 40

learnt in childhood
based on relationships with parents
stable in adulthood

meta analysis found significant correlation between attachment behaviour in infants and in adults

Question 41

what is the link between self esteem and interpersonal trust

Answer 41

high self esteem and high interpersonal trust - secure attachment

low self esteem and high low interpersonal trust - dismissing attachment (healthy feelings about the self but don’t trust and fear connections with others)

low self esteem and high interpersonal trust - anxious attachment (desires to reach out to others but anxious about the self

low self esteem and low interpersonal trust - avoidant attachment (relationships with others are poor and so is self-concept, forms few relationships and often unhappy ones