perceptia persoane: atractivitatea

Question 1

what is interpersonal attraction

Answer 1

Positive evaluations of other people
the strength of liking or loving another person

Question 2

what is physical attractiveness

Answer 2

characteristics that are evaluated as beautiful or handsome vs unattractive

element of romantic attraction

Question 3

Is beauty in the eye of the beholder?

Answer 3

No.
It is more objective

Because there is a good agreement among people, including children, and within and across cultures, about which people are more physically attractive.

It is easy to identify who is universally attractive

Question 4

what is the role of physical appearance in interpersonal attraction

Answer 4

physical appearance has a strong effect on interpersonal attraction

those with a nicer physical appearance will be evaluated more positively and people will like them more

Question 5

What is a study to indicate that physical attractiveness is important

Answer 5

after an arranged date when ppts danced, talked and spent time together, the most important factor affecting their evaluation of their date was the date’s psychical attractiveness.

So physical attractiveness influences social behaviour.

Question 6

What do babies prefer?

Answer 6

One year old infants prefer attractive to unattractive faces

Question 7

What is considered pretty?

Answer 7

youthful is pretty - more for women than men

symmetrical - indicates healthy -a good person to have children with

Question 8

What is the study indicating that averaged faces are the most pretty?

Answer 8

Langlois 1990 averaged several photos of different women and men into once face

The most average face was evaluated as the most attractive

The more faces are averaged into a photo, the more attractive the averaged face seems

Familiarity - we like familiar

Question 9

What are the benefits of beauty?

Answer 9

Beauty has been associated with:
- better health outcomes for infants in hospitals
- better earnings
- better teaching evaluations
- winning elections

Question 10

Why is beauty associated with better health outcomes (experimental study)

Answer 10

Pretty people in somebody else’s care do better because we want to care for pretty people

Premature Infants who who were physically attracted grew faster because nurse attended to them more - received more nurturing

Question 11

What is an explanation for that? Thorndike 1920

Answer 11

Halo effect
- a cognitive bias by which we tend to assume that an individual with 1 positive characteristic also possesses other good characteristics

e.g. attractive ppl are attributed with trustworthiness

Question 12

What other characteristics do we attribute to beautiful people?

Answer 12

More
sociable
extraverted
popular
sexual
happy
assertive

Question 13

How are the characteristics that we attribute to beautiful people different depending on culture?

Answer 13

Across cultures, we attribute pretty people with characteristics that those cultures value particularly.

E.g. if Japan values modesty then pretty people will be seen as modest

Question 14

What is beauty like in the brain?

Answer 14

Stronger activation in occipital lobes when we see beautiful faces and make evaluative judgements

Question 15

How else are beautiful people seen as good?

Answer 15

Attractive ppl are seen as healthier, more intelligent, kind, altruistic

Attractive defendants are found guilty less often

Looking at beautiful faces enhances mood

Question 16

What is the link between attractive people and self-fulfilling prophecy?

Answer 16

The beautiful receive a great deal of social attention so they develop good social skills.
They do report having more satisfying interactions with others.

This is bc if other ppl attribute characteristics to you then you acquire those characteristics

Question 17

Can a regular person be made to act like a beautiful one via the self fulfilling prophecy

Answer 17

Men talked through a phone
They saw each others pictures but it wasn’t actually them

When men interacted with a woman who was pretty, they treated her in a friendlier way

Question 18

What are the disadvantages to being pretty?

Answer 18

Unsure if liked only for looks

Attractive ppl trusted flattering evaluation of their work more if they had been told evaluator did not know what they looked like

Question 19

What are other things that contribute to interpersonal attraction?

Answer 19

Proximity - physical closeness between ppl with respect to where they live, work or sit in the classroom

Question 20

What is the propinquity effect?

Answer 20

The more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends

Question 21

What is an experiment that investigated proximity?

Answer 21

41% of the next-door neighbours indicated they were close friends

10% of those who lived on opposite ends of the hall indicated they were close friends

The smaller the physical distance between ppl the greater the probability they will meet, they experience repeated exposure and develop mutual attraction

Question 22

What is the mere exposure effect?

Answer 22

The more exposure we have to a stimulus, the more we have a positive evaluation of it.

Question 23

How has the mere exposure effect been investigated?

Answer 23

A female assistant attended a class 0, 5, 10 or 15 times without interacting with students.
Her photo was liked more depending on how many times she visited a classroom during the semester.
With repeated exposure, positive emotions increase

Question 24

What is the relationship between exposure and positive affect.

Answer 24

With repeated exposure, positive affect increases

A familiar face elicits positive affect, is evaluated positively, and activates facial muscles and brain activity associated with positive emotions

A beautiful face is perceived as more familiar than an unattractive one

Question 25

Does exposure effect work with ugly faces?

Answer 25

No.
When initial reaction to a stimulus is very negative then repeated exposure does not work and may lead to even greater dislike

Question 26

How does similarity lead to more liking?

Answer 26

College men became friends with those who were similar in
- demographics
- attitudes
- values

Question 27

What about similar appearance?

Answer 27

We seek physical proximity to those similar in appearance

We seek others with a similar degree of physical attractiveness to us

Question 28

Why does this matter?

Answer 28

We have a need for affiliation - the need to interact with other people in a cooperative way

All humans have a need for affiliation

We evolved to function in the presence of others

Some ppl may vary in the amount of affiliation they need

Question 29

Why do we need regular social contact?

Answer 29

People who have network of social contacts are. more satisfied with life than those who don’t

Question 30

Why do we need to be in a relationship

Answer 30

we need a relationship in which people share mutual concern for each other
ppl in a relationship still desire a social network

Question 31

What does it mean when you fail to satisfy affiliation

Answer 31

leads to health problems
Premature death rates higher among people without social connections

Physical and mental health problems associated with loneliness

Loneliness impairs immune system

Question 32

What is ostracism?

Answer 32

Being excluded, rejected and ignored by others
Silent treatment as form of punishment

Question 33

What does continual ostracism lead to?

Answer 33

Continual ostracism associated with health problems and lowered self-esteem

Question 34

What is rejection sensitivity

Answer 34

personality trait, a tendency to expect rejection from others and to be oversensitive to possible rejection

Research pins this to early childhood experiences

Question 35

What are the consequences of rejection sensitivity

Answer 35

Men who are romantically involved and high on rejection sensitivity are more prone to violence in this relationship

Men who are not romantically involved and high on rejection sensitivity tend to avoid romantic opportunities especially when rejection is possible

Question 36

How did ostracised participants feel in the cyberostracism experiment?

Answer 36

Ostracised participants felt sad, expressed having less control, and losing a sense of belonging

Exhibited more conformist behaviour

Question 37

How did ostracised participants evaluate room temperature?

Answer 37

Ostracised participants evaluated the temperature of a room as colder

They desired more warm food and drink

Question 38

What is ostracism like in the brain?

Answer 38

Ostracism activates regions of the brain that process pain

If you take a pill that reduces physical pain via the central nervous system, you get less negative effect of ostracism