Regulatory Animal Diseases & USDA Accreditation Flashcards
Diseases are generally chosen due to what 2 factors?
- Adverse impact on agriculture
- Human health risk
What role do practicing veterinarians play with regards to regulatory animal diseases?
- Provide surveillance
- Contribute to control efforts
T/F: The government monitors cases of certain animal diseases.
True
When was the last time FMD was seen in the US?
1929
What is the morbidity and mortality of FMD in a naive population?
Morbidity:close to 100%, Mortality:40-100%
Who is responsible for internationally reportable diseases?
What are they generally associated with?
- OIE, aka World Organization for Animal Health
- Trade barriers between “free” and “disease-endemic” countries.
Who is responsible in the US for surveillance of foreign disease introduction as well as surveillance and eradication of US diseases?
USDA, aka US Department of Agriculture
What is the veterinary equivalent of WHO?
OIE
What does OIE do?
Maintains a list of internationally notifiable animal diseases.
Countries that are members of OIE need to report an outbreak of OIE-notifiable disease within what time frame?
24 hours
What is the name of the database that OIE maintains?
WAHID: world animal health information database
What does FAD stand for?
Foreign animal disease
How many animal diseases are listed by the USDA?
48
What does the USDA regulate?
All animal imports/exports
Does the USDA have veterinarians in every state?
Yes
What does AVIC stand for?
Area veterinarian in charge
What are USDA state veterinarians responsible for?
- Investigating possible FADs
- Oversee other animal health programs
What does the USDA inspect?
Agricultural products and meat for food-borne diseases, both domestic and imported.
Is the USDA involved with enzootic diseases?
Yes: manages nationwide control programs for selected enzootic diseases.
What do individual state’s lists of notifiable diseases include?
USDA’s list plus other diseases of regional veterinary or public health interest.
Do state notifiable lists vary by state?
Yes
Who do practicing veterinarians report notifiable diseases to?
State veterinarian
What are 3 roles of clinical veterinarians with reportable diseases?
- Part of animal disease detection system.
- Provide vaccinations and detection services for regulatory diseases.
- Perform exams and complete health certificates for animal movement.
What are 5 roles of state/USDA veterinarians?
- Monitor movement of animals between states and between countries.
- Manage animal disease control programs.
- Investigate possible cases of foreign/reportable diseases.
- Investigate animal cruelty cases.
- Provide guidance to veterinarians on paperwork for import/export, testing, etc.
When should a clinical veterinarian notify a regulatory veterinarian?
Immediately if a FAD is suspected.
What are 3 steps taken by the regulatory veterinarian with a suspected FAD?
- Examine the animals.
- If clinical signs not compatible with an FAD, file a report and send samples to a veterinary lab as a precaution.
- If it is compatible with an FAD, notify other agencies, initiate containment and send samples to USDA’s central lab (NVSL).
In the US, what is the only lab that can officially diagnose an FAD?
USDA lab
T/F: Negative results from state labs “don’t count” and need to be confirmed by the USDA lab.
False - They do count.
What are 6 control measures can be used in response to an FAD?
- Quarantine zones for animals/humans.
- Import/export or trade restrictions.
- Testing animals for disease/exposure.
- Biosecurity for farms in the region.
- Mass culling of all susceptible animals within a given distance of the outbreak.
- Ring vaccination or treatment of animals.
In 2007, 383 cases of potential FAD’s were reported to the USDA, how many were actual FADs?
What were they?
- 3
- White spot syndrome in fish in Hawaii, old world screwworm in dog from Hong Kong, new world screwworm in dog from Trinidad.
T/F: Federal accreditation is a USDA-led certification program for clinical veterinarians.
True
The role of practicing veterinarians in animal disease control requires vets to know what 5 things?
- Signs of FADs
- Signs of other reportable diseases.
- Proper procedures for vaccinating and testing animals for regulated diseases.
- How to fill out legal forms for these activities.
- Who to report diseases to, when and how.
T/F: Any veterinarian can perform exams for health certificates.
False - only USDA accredited veterinarians.
T/F: Only USDA accredited veterinarians can perform activities related to regulatory diseases.
True
How many types of USDA accreditation are there?
2: Category I and Category II
What does USDA accreditation Category I exclude?
How many units of supplemental training are required and how often to maintain accreditation?
- “Food and fiber” species, horses, all birds, farm-raised aquatic species and zoo animals that could transmit diseases to livestock.
- 3 units every 3 years
What species are excluded from USDA accreditation Category II?
How many units of supplemental training are required and how often to maintain accreditation?
- None, all species are included.
- 6 units every 3 years
What are the 6 steps to becoming USDA accredited?
- Initial accreditation training (online program with certificate of completion).
- Core orientation seminar by USDA.
- Graduate with the DVM.
- Complete USDA state-specific orientation (if required by the state AVIC).
- Get licensed for the state you will work in.
- Send in form to apply for USDA accreditation.
What does IAT stand for?
Initial accreditation training
