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Epidemiology > 2-Flies and Zoonoses, Percutaneous Zoonoses > Flashcards

2-Flies and Zoonoses, Percutaneous Zoonoses Flashcards

0
Q

Who are common reservoirs for myiasis?

Who are “accidental” hosts?

A
  • Animals

- Humans

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1
Q

Infestation with fly larvae is known as what?

A

Myiasis

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2
Q

When blowfly larvae simply infest dead flesh or open wounds is known as what?

A

Fly “strike”

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3
Q

Are “Bot” flies and Screwworms obligatory or facultative parasites?

A

Obligatory

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4
Q

What are 3 species of “Bot” flies?

A
  • Oestrus ovis
  • Dermatobia
  • Cuterebra
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5
Q

What are 2 types of Screwworms?

A
  • New World

- Old World

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6
Q

Is Lucilia sericata an obligatory or facultative parasite?

A

Facultative

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7
Q

What is the fly life cycle?

A

ELPA

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8
Q

Oestrus ovis is known as what?

A

Sheep nasal bot fly

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9
Q

Can Oestrus ovis infest goats?

A

Yes

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10
Q

Oestrys ovis can infest the mucous membranes of humans in what 3 areas?

A
  • Nose
  • Conjunctiva
  • GI
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11
Q

How do you treat an infestation of Oestrus ovis?

A

Removal of larvae (surgical).

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12
Q

Cuterebra is also known as what?

A

The rodent/rabbit botfly

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13
Q

What are 3 species that can be infested by Cuterebra?

A
  • Cats
  • Dogs
  • Rabbits
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14
Q

Where are Cuterebra considered enzootic?

A

Parts of USA and southeast Canada

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15
Q

Can humans be infested with Cuterebra?

A

Yes

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16
Q

What is Dermatobia hominis known as?

A

The “human” botfly

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17
Q

Are Dermatobia hominis very species-specific?

A

No

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18
Q

What are 5 species that can be infested by Dermatobia hominis?

A
  • Humans
  • Cattle
  • Dogs
  • Monkeys
  • Swine
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19
Q

How does Dermatobia hominis usually present?

A

As skin nodules.

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20
Q

Are Dermatobia hominis exotic to the USA?

A

Yes

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21
Q

How can Dermatobia hominis get into the US?

A

People and dogs who travel to endemic regions can bring bots back with them.

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22
Q

Does the USA have Screwworms?

A

No

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23
Q

T/F: Screwworm larvae are obligate parasites.

A

True

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24
Q

Where does a female screwworm fly lay her eggs?

A

On a wound or mucous membrane.

25
Q

Do Screwworms display a mild or aggressive myiasis?

A

Aggressive myiasis

26
Q

Which species of fly larvae feeds on living flesh?

A

Screwworm

27
Q

What makes the wounds infested by Screwworms larger, allowing more flies to infest?

A

Toxins

28
Q

What can Screwworm larvae live on?

What are 4 examples?

A
  • Anything

- People, cattle, deer, dogs

29
Q

When did Screwworm eradication begin in the USA?

A

1950s

30
Q

When were Screwworms eradicated in the USA?

A

1966

31
Q

Where does the eradication zone of Screwworms started in the USA extend to?

A

Extends through Central America

32
Q

In 2007, Screwworm was found in a dog in Mississippi which had been imported from where?

A

Trinidad and Tobago

33
Q

Screwworms can sometimes be found in dogs and horses imported from where?

A

Central and South America

34
Q

T/F: Screwworms are tropical.

A

True

35
Q

Cochliomyia hominivorax is known as what?

A

New World Screwworm

36
Q

Chrysomya bezziana is known as what?

A

Old World Screwworm

37
Q

Are Screwworms exotic to the USA?

A

Yes

38
Q

Flies that are attracted to open wounds and are not obligately parasitic cause what?

A

Facultative Myiasis

39
Q

Lucilia sericata are a very common problem in what species?

A

Sheep

40
Q

Occasionally what species can be infested by Lucilia sericata?

A

Humans

41
Q

Can Lucilia sericata be found in the USA?

A

Yes

42
Q

What is an example of a nematode that can be transmitted by face flies?

A

Thelazia californiesis

43
Q

Where are the eggs of Thelazia laid?

A

In the conjunctival and lacrimal sacs.

44
Q

Which life stage of Thelazia is picked up by face flies?

What are 2 examples of face flies that can transmit Thelazia?

A
  • L1

- Musca or Fannia spp.

45
Q

What life stage does Thelazia develop to in the fly?

A

L3

46
Q

Where do the Thelazia larvae migrate to in the fly?

A

Mouthparts of the fly.

47
Q

When do the infective larvae leave the mouthparts of the fly?

A

When the fly feeds on another host’s eye.

48
Q

Where do larvae develop to adults?

A

In conjunctival and lacrimal sacs.

49
Q

What are 2 examples of kinetoplastic protozoa?

A
  • Leishmania

- Trypanosoma

50
Q

T/F: Kinetoplastic protozoa are facultatively parasitic, with free-living forms.

A

False - They are obligately parasitic, with no free-living forms.

51
Q

T/F: Kinetoplastic protozoa are not good at evading immunity but can cause acute infections.

A

False - They are good at evading immunity and cause chronic infections.

52
Q

What are 2 species of protozoa that are diverse, with both zoonotic and anthroponotic species found in the world?

A
  • Leishmania

- Trypanosoma

53
Q

Are Leishmania and Trypanosoma considered to be tropical?

What are 2 exceptions?

A
  • Yes

- Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi

54
Q

How is Leishmania transmitted?

A

By sandflies

55
Q

Where is Phlebotomus seen?

A

In the Old World

56
Q

Where is Lutzomyia seen?

A

In the New World

57
Q

Where in the US can Leishmania be seen endemically with vertical transmission?

A

US foxhound kennels

58
Q

Myiasis is an invasion of what type of tissue?

A

Living

59
Q

What type of reservoirs does Leishmania have?

What are 4 examples?

A
  • Vertebrate reservoirs

- Hyraxes, canids, rodents, humans

60
Q

Leishmania currently affects approximately how many people in who many countries?

A

Approximately 12 million people in 88 countries

61
Q

T/F: Different species of Leishmania will cause different diseases.

A

True

Epidemiology (18 decks)

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