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Epidemiology > Intro to Zoonoses > Flashcards

Intro to Zoonoses Flashcards

0
Q

What are zoonoses?

What is the reservoir?

A
  • Infectious diseases that people get from animals, either directly or indirectly.
  • Animals
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1
Q

What are anthroponoses?

What is the reservoir?

A
  • Diseases that people get from other people.

- Humans

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2
Q

What are 4 examples of things that are not zoonoses?

A
  • Poisoning/envenomation by animals
  • Bites, kicks, scratches from animals
  • Allergies against animals
  • Anthroponoses
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3
Q

What are 6 examples of reportable zoonotic diseases?

A
  • Yersinia pestis
  • Rabies
  • Bacillus anthracis
  • Mycobacterium bovis
  • Brucella abortus
  • Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
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4
Q

What are 6 examples of globally important zoonotic diseases?

A
  • Rabies
  • Leishmaniasis
  • Cysticercosis
  • Brucellosis
  • Leptospirosis
  • Echinococcosis
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5
Q

What are 8 examples of ways people can acquire zoonotic diseases?

A
  • Pets
  • Farms
  • County/state fairs
  • Petting zoos
  • Pet stores
  • Nature parks
  • Wooded and brushy areas
  • Child care facilities
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6
Q

Who can get zoonotic diseases?

A

Anyone

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7
Q

What kind of bacteria can be transferred to humans from reptiles and amphibians?

A

Salmonella

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8
Q

What are 5 examples of social changes that can affect zoonoses?

A
  • Changes in small animal ownership
  • Changes in the “status” of animals
  • Changes in exotic animal ownership
  • Changes in animal food production
  • Changes in global trade and travel
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9
Q

What percentage of US households have at least one pet?
What percentage have children?
What percentage have dogs?
What percentage have cats?

A
  • 62%
  • 39.3%
  • 36.5%
  • 30.4%
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10
Q

In 2013, how much did Americans spend on their pets?

The greatest amount was spent on what species?

A
  • 55.7 billion dollars

- Fresh water fish

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11
Q

In 2007, how many households had “exotic” pets?

A

18.1 million

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12
Q

Has the number of animals per farm increased or decreased from 1978 to 2007?

A

Increased

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13
Q

What are 3 global trends that have been seen with travel and globalization?

A
  • Decreased transit time
  • Increased access to remote areas
  • Increased international trade in animals and animal products
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14
Q

What are 3 global trends that have been seen in the exotic animal trade?

A
  • Mixed-species animal market
  • Pet “swap meets”
  • Increased exotic animal/multi-species shipments
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15
Q

What is an example of surveillance?

A

Animals as sentinels

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16
Q

What are 2 examples of prevention and control?

A
  • Minimizing animal reservoirs

- Educating owners

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17
Q

What is one example of occupational safety?

A

Protecting yourself and your staff from daily exposure to zoonotic diseases.

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18
Q

How many different pathogens are zoonotic?

A

Over 800

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19
Q

Is Colorado tick fever a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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20
Q

Is Ebola a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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21
Q

Is Anthrax a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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22
Q

Is equine encephalitides a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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23
Q

Is Brucellosis a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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24
Q

Is Campylobacteriosis a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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25
Q

Is Hantavirus a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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26
Q

Is Hendra a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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27
Q

Is Bartonellosis a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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28
Q

Is Leptospirosis a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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29
Q

Is Listeriosis a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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30
Q

Is Herpesvirus B a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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31
Q

Is Influenza a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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32
Q

Is Japanese encephalitis a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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33
Q

Is Lyme disease a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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34
Q

Is plague a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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35
Q

Is Psittacosis a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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36
Q

Is Monkeypox a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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37
Q

Is Nipah a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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38
Q

Is Rabies a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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39
Q

Is Q fever a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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40
Q

Is Relapsing fever a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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41
Q

Is Salmonellosis a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

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42
Q

Is Rift Valley fever a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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43
Q

Is West Nile a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

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44
Q

Is Yellow Fever a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Viral

45
Q

Is Tularemia a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

46
Q

Is Yersiniosis a viral or bacterial zoonotic disease?

A

Bacterial

47
Q

Is Trypanosomiasis a protozoal or helminthic zoonotic disease?

A

Protozoal

48
Q

Is Baylisascariasis a protozoal or helminthic zoonotic disease?

A

Helminthic

49
Q

Is Babesiosis a protozoal or helminthic zoonotic disease?

A

Protozoal

50
Q

Is Cryptosporidiosis a protozoal or helminthic zoonotic disease?

A

Protozoal

51
Q

Is Cysticercosis a protozoal or helminthic zoonotic disease?

A

Helminthic

52
Q

Is Echinococcosis a protozoal or helminthic zoonotic disease?

A

Helminthic

53
Q

Is Leishmaniasis a protozoal or helminthic zoonotic disease?

A

Protozoal

54
Q

Is Giardiasis a protozoal or helminthic zoonotic disease?

A

Protozoal

55
Q

Is Toxoplasmosis a protozoal or helminthic zoonotic disease?

A

Protozoal

56
Q

Is Schistosome dermatitis a protozoal or helminthic disease?

A

Helminthic

57
Q

Is Trichinosis a protozoal or helminthic zoonotic disease?

A

Helminthic

58
Q

Is Larval migrans a protozoal or helminthic zoonotic disease?

A

Helminthic

59
Q

What are 5 examples of mycotic zoonotic diseases?

A
  • Dermatophytoses
  • Coccidioidomycosis
  • Blastomycosis
  • Histoplasmosis
  • Cryptococcosis
60
Q

T/F: Only some animal species are associated with zoonotic diseases.

A

False - every animal species is.

61
Q

T/F: Different diseases are more commonly found in specific animal species.

A

True

62
Q

T/F: Every kind of veterinary medicine has unique risks from zoonotic diseases.

A

True

63
Q

Rabies is a common zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Both

64
Q

Nematodes are a common zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Both

65
Q

Cestodes are a common zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Dogs

66
Q

Bartonella is a common zoonosis seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Cats

67
Q

Dermatophytes are a common zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Both

68
Q

Giardia is a common zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Dogs

69
Q

Salmonella is a common zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Both

70
Q

Toxoplasma is a common zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Cats

71
Q

Cryptosporidium is a common zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Dogs

72
Q

Pasteurella is a common zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Cats

73
Q

Leptospira is a common regional zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Dogs

74
Q

Yersinia pestis is a common regional zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Cats

75
Q

Tick-borne diseases are a common regional zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Dogs

76
Q

Francisella tularensis is a common regional zoonoses seen in dogs, cats or both?

A

Both

77
Q

Salmonella is a common zoonoses of food animals, equids or both?

A

Both

78
Q

Cryptosporidium is a common zoonoses of food animals, equids or both?

A

Both

79
Q

Campylobacter is a common zoonoses of food animals, equids or both?

A

Food animals

80
Q

Escherichia coli is a common zoonoses of food animals, equids or both?

A

Food animals

81
Q

WEE, EEE and VEE are common zoonoses of food animals, equids or both?

A

Equids

82
Q

Giardia is a common zoonoses of food animals, equids or both?

A

Food animals

83
Q

Brucella is a common zoonoses of food animals, equids or both?

A

Food animals

84
Q

Coxiella burnetii is a common zoonoses of food animals, equids or both?

A

Food animals

85
Q

Mycobacterium bovis is a common zoonoses of food animals, equids or both?

A

Food animals

86
Q

Rabies is a common zoonoses of food animals, equids or both?

A

Food animals

87
Q

Anthrax is a common regional zoonoses of food animals, equids or both?

A

Food animals

88
Q

Chlamydia psittaci is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Birds

89
Q

Hantavirus is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Rodents/lagomorphs

90
Q

Salmonella is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Reptiles/fish/amphibians

91
Q

Yersinia pestis is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Rodents/lagomorphs

92
Q

West Nile is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Birds

93
Q

Francisella tularensis is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Rodents/lagomorphs

94
Q

Mycobacterium is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Reptiles/fish/amphibians

95
Q

Rabies is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Rodents/lagomorphs

96
Q

Cryptococcus is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Birds

97
Q

Leptospirosis is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Rodents/lagomorphs

98
Q

Fish-borne parasites are a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Reptiles/fish/amphibians

99
Q

Lyme disease is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Rodents/lagomorphs

100
Q

Newcastle Disease is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Birds

101
Q

Rickettsioses is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Rodents/lagomorphs

102
Q

Avian influenza is a common zoonoses of birds, rodents/lagomorphs or reptiles/fish/amphibians?

A

Birds

103
Q

What are 2 examples of zoonoses that can be perpetuated in nature by a single vertebrate species?

A
  • Rabies

- Brucellosis

104
Q

What is an example of a zoonoses that requires more than one vertebrate species to maintain the pathogen?

A

Cestodes

105
Q

What are 2 examples of zoonoses that require a combination of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts?

A
  • Lyme disease

- West Nile virus

106
Q

What are 3 examples of direct routes of transmission?

A
  • Droplet/aerosol
  • Oral
  • Contact
107
Q

What are 4 examples of occupations with an elevated risk of direct transmission due to being in close contact with animals?

A
  • Veterinarians
  • Owners and farmers
  • Abattoir workers
  • Wildlife biologists
108
Q

What are 4 examples of indirect routes of transmission?

A
  • Food-borne
  • Water-borne
  • Fomites
  • Vector-borne
109
Q

What are 3 examples of vehicles where risk of indirect transmission is elevated according to contamination of and exposure to the vehicle?

A
  • Undercooked meat
  • Untreated water
  • Tick exposure

Epidemiology (18 decks)

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