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Epidemiology > Intro to Risk Communication & Applications in Veterinary Medicine > Flashcards

Intro to Risk Communication & Applications in Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

0
Q

Risk = what?

A

Risk = Probability X Severity

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1
Q

What is risk?

A

A probability or threat of damage, injury, liability, loss or any other negative occurrence that is caused by external or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be avoided through preemptive action.

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2
Q

According to Dr. Peter M. Sandman, Risk = what?

A

Risk = Hazard + Outrage

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3
Q

According to Dr. Sandman, what is the most important factor about risk communication?
Does he feel that Dangerous = Upsetting?

A
  • The incredibly low correlation between a risk’s “hazard” (how much harm it’s likely to do) and its “outrage” (how upset it’s likely to make people).
  • No
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4
Q

T/F: According to Dr. Sandman, the risks that upset people are the same as the risks that kill people.

A

False - They are completely different.

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5
Q

What are 3 examples of riskisms?

A
  • Everything we do involves risk.
  • Zero risk is unachievable.
  • Options exist for managing every risk.
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6
Q

What is risk perception?

A

Combination of thought and emotion.

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7
Q

What does thinking (logic) focus on?

A

The hazard and the probability it will occur.

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8
Q

What does feeling involve?

A

Fear, anger or other emotions that are evoked when considering potential consequences and value of what may be lost.

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9
Q

What are 8 factors of fear?

A
  • It is automatic
  • It comes early
  • It is temporary
  • It is a small over-reaction
  • It may need guidance
  • It is slow to extinguish
  • Easily re-established
  • Contagious
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10
Q

T/F: Denial is more common than fear.

A

False - it is less common.

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11
Q

What are 4 categories of human reaction to risk?

A
  • Acceptance
  • Fear
  • Denial
  • Panic
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12
Q

T/F: Denial is more dangerous than fear.

A

True

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13
Q

T/F: Denial is a more common response than panic.

A

True

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14
Q

Denial can be reduced when what 3 things happen?

A
  • Legitimize the fear.
  • Take actions to address fear.
  • Make decisions to act from a given range of options.
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15
Q

What 3 things are common of trust?

A
  • Slowly acquired.
  • Readily extinguished.
  • Difficult to re-establish.
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16
Q

What do public health activities help to ensure?

A

That messages and strategies designed to prevent exposure, adverse human health effects and diminished quality of life are effectively communicated to the public.

17
Q

Risk communication is most often used to describe what?

A

An organization facing a crisis and the need to communicate about that crisis to stakeholders and the public.

18
Q

Risk communication includes what 2 aspects?

A
  • Risk management

- Risk assessment

19
Q

Contemporary risk communication includes what?

A
  • Who says what and when
  • To whom
  • Through what channels
  • with what effect.
20
Q

Who is the audience for risk communication?

A
  • Clients (animal owners, farmers, producers)
  • Employees and a vet clinic, dairy or processing plant
  • Reporters at a press conference
  • The public at a town meeting
21
Q

What are 5 examples of harmful human behavior that can be seen during a crisis?

A
  • Demands for un-needed treatment.
  • Disorganized group behavior (looting/stealing).
  • Bribery/fraud
  • Increased tobacco and alcohol use.
  • Increased multiple unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS).
22
Q

What does MUPS stand for?

A

Multiple unexplained physical symptoms

23
Q

What are Sandman’s 4 tasks of risk communication?

A
  • Precaution advocacy
  • Outrage management
  • Crisis communication
  • Sweet spot
24
Q

You need to utilize precautionary advocacy under what conditions?
How?

A
  • Hazard is high and outrage is low.

- Alerting insufficiently upset people to serious risk.

25
Q

When do you need to utilize outrage management?

How?

A
  • When hazard is low and outrage is high.

- Reassuring excessively upset people about small risks.

26
Q

When do you utilize crisis communication?

How?

A
  • When both the hazard and outrage are high.

- By helping appropriately upset people cope with serious risks.

27
Q

When do you see the sweet spot?

What happens during that time?

A
  • When the hazard and outrage are both intermediate.

- Dialoging with interested people about a significant but not urgent risk.

28
Q

What are 2 common risk communication mistakes made in vet med?

A
  • Withholding information

- Over-assurance of audience.

29
Q

Which trait is most important concerning risk communication?

A

Empathetic

30
Q

What are 3 things to do pre-crisis?

A
  • Be prepared
  • Foster alliances
  • Test messages
31
Q

What are 5 things to do initially with risk communication?

A
  • Acknowledge the event with empathy.
  • Explain and inform the public in simplest terms.
  • Establish agency/spokesperson credibility.
  • Provide emergency courses of action.
  • Commit to stakeholders and public to continued communication.
32
Q

What are 6 aspects of risk communication maintenance?

A
  • Help public more accurately understand its own risks.
  • Provide background and encompassing information to those who need it.
  • Gain understanding and support for response and recovery plans.
  • Listen to stakeholders and audience feedback, and correct misinformation.
  • Explain emergency recommendations.
  • Empower risk/benefit decision-making.
33
Q

What are 4 ways risk communications help in resolution?

A
  • Improve appropriate public response in future similar emergencies through education.
  • Honestly examine problems and mishaps, and then reinforce what worked in the response and recovery efforts.
  • Persuade the public to support policy and resource allocation to the problem.
  • Promote the activities and capabilities of the agency.
34
Q

What are 3 ways to evaluate risk communication?

A
  • Evaluate communication plan and performance.
  • Document lessons learned.
  • Determined specific actions to improve crisis systems or in the crisis plan.
35
Q

What are the 4 steps to message mapping?

A
  • Identify stakeholders.
  • Identify a complete list of stakeholder concerns and questions.
  • Analyze the questions to identify common sets of underlying concerns.
  • Develop key messages in response to the generated list of stakeholder concerns and questions.
36
Q

Studies show that most public health issues are associated with how many primary underlying concerns?

A

8-15

37
Q

How many key messages should be delivered and how many parts for supporting facts to each?

A

3 key messages with 3 parts each.

38
Q

How long should each key message be?

A

Less than 3 seconds or less than 9 words.

39
Q

What reading level should the messages be at?

A

6th grade reading level

40
Q

In messages, avoid the use of what 5 words?

A
  • No, not, never, nothing, none

Epidemiology (18 decks)

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