Regions and Features of the Brain and Arterial Supply Flashcards
What constitutes the peripheral nervous system?
All nerves branching off the CNS (brain and spinal cord), all nerves outside the cranial vault and vertebral canal are peripheral
What are the divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
- autonomic which divides into sympathetic and parasympathetic
- somatic which divides into sensory and motor
What are the two components of the CNS?
Brain and spinal cord
How many cranial and spinal nerves are there and what do they innervate?
- 12 cranial nerves which innervate head, neck, thoracic and abdominal viscera
- 31 spinal innervate rest of viscera and all other parts of body (not supplied by cranial)
What are the four plexus of peripheral nervous system?
- Brachial plexus
- Phrenic Nerve
- Lumbar plexus
- Sacral plexus
What are the three regions of the brain and what is found in each of them?
- Forebrain (cerebral hemisphere, thalamus and hypothalamus)
- Midbrain
- Hindbrain (pons, medulla oblongata and cerebellum)
Describe parts of brainstem?
uppermost part midbrain
middle lobed region pons
lowermost part medulla oblongata
What are the four lobes of the brian?
Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital
will have one of each lobe in each hemisphere (right and left)
What is the cortex of the brain?
- Surface layer of both cerebral hemisphere
- composed of grey matter
what connects the two cerebral hemispheres?
Corpus Callosum (white matter)
What are gyri and sulci?
Gyri = ridges Sulci = depressions
Where does the longitudinal fissure of the brain run?
between left and right hemispheres
Where does the central sulcus run?
between frontal and parietal lobes
Where are the motor and sensory cortices located?
Motor = Pre-central gyrus (part of frontal lobe)
Sensory = Post-central gyrus (part of parietal lobe)
Therefore only separation between them is central sulcus
What are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura mater - divided into outer periosteal and inner meningeal
Pia mater
Arachnoid
