psychopharmacology Flashcards
What was the first antipsychotic created?
chlorpromazine
What is the first line treatment for bipolar?
lithium
What model is used to treat psychiatric illness?
BioPsychoSocial
combination always more important
What are the common F1 generation antipsychotics?
Chlorpromazine haloperidol Sulpride Zuclopenthixol Fluphenazine
What is the MOA of antipsychotics?
antagonise dopamine D2 receptors (no impact on negative symptoms)
What are the common F2 generation antipsychotics?
Lurasidone Olanzapine Quetiapine Risperidone Aripiprazole Amisulpride
What are the extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotics?
Acute dystonia
Parkinsonism
Akathisia
Tardive Dyskinesia
antagonism of what dopamine tract causes extra pyramidal side effects?
Nigrostriatal tract
What are the types of anti-depressants?
SSRI’s (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
SNRI’s (serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors)
NASSA’s (noradrenergic and specific serotinergic)
MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors)
TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants)
What are the metabolic side effects of antipsychotics?
weight gain
dyslipidaemia
T2 diabetes
Which antipsychotics are more likely to cause metabolic SE?
2nd gen esp Quetiapine, olanzapine and clozapine
antagonism of what dopamine tract causes prolactin elevation?
tuberoinfundibular
What is the MOA of antidepressants?
- increase BDNF and stimulate neurogenesis which enhances synaptic plasticity
- this moderates limbic system to reduce negative cognitive bias
- increases serotinergic neurotransmission
What are the SEs of Benzodiazepine?
- headaches
- confusion
- ataxia
- dysarthria
- blurred vision
- paradoxical reaction
- interact with alcohol
What drugs act on GABA receptor?
- Benzodiazepine
- Z-drugs
- Barbituates
- Flumazenil
- Alcohol
What is the treatment for benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil (rapid onset but short half life so need repeat doses)
DONT USE FOR EPILESY
What are the uses of benzodiazepine?
Anxiolytic hypnotic muscle relaxant anti-convulsant amnestic
What GABA receptor do benzodiazepine and z-drugs act on?
GABA-A
What are the uses of Z-drugs?
Hypnotic
anticonvulsants and muscle relaxants only at high doses
What are the types of Z-drugs?
Zolpidem
Zopiclone
Give three examples of Barbituates?
Amobarbital
Phenobarbital
Thiopentone
What are the uses of barbiturates?
severe insomnia
epilepsy
induction of anaesthesia
What are the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?
excess excitatory neurotransmission:
- agitation
- delirium
- seizures
