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Neurology > pharynx and larynx anatomy > Flashcards

pharynx and larynx anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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2
Q

What two tracts join into the pharynx?

A

respiratory and alimentary tracts

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3
Q

Where does the pharynx start and end?

A

cranial base to oesophagus

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4
Q

Where does the nasopharynx start and end?

A

cranial base and soft palate (post to nasal cavity)

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5
Q

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?

A

roof of nasopharynx

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6
Q

What does the eustachian/pharyngotympanic tube connect?

A

nasopharynx to middle ear

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7
Q

Where is the oropharynx located?

A

between soft palate and upper epiglottis (posterior to oral cavity)

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8
Q

What tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

A

Palatine

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9
Q

Where is the laryngopharynx located?

A
  • post to larynx

- tip to epiglottis to oesophagus at level C6

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10
Q

What are the piriform fossa’s?

A

part of larynx bulges into laryngopharynx (site that foreign objects often get lodged)

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11
Q

What are the three pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

1) superior pharyngeal constrictor
2) middle pharyngeal constrictor
3) inferior pharyngeal constrictor

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12
Q

What nerve innervates the pharyngeal muscles?

A

pharyngeal plexus and pharyngeal branches of vagus

N.B except stylopharyngeal which is innervated by glossopharyngeal

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13
Q

Where is the larynx located?

A

between oropharynx and trachea (anterior of the neck)

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14
Q

How many cartilages make up larynx?

A

9 (3 paired and 3 unpaired)

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15
Q

What are the laryngeal cartilages?

A 
Unpaired
- thyroid 
- cricoid
- epiglottis 
Paired
- arytenoid 
- corniculate 
- cuneiform
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16
Q

What bone is superior to the thyroid cartilage?

A

hyoid (connected via the thyrohyoid membrane)

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17
Q

Describe structure of the cricoid?

A

arched on anterior side

flat Lamina on post side

18
Q

How does the cricoid attach to thyroid and trachea?

A

median cricothyroid ligament attachment to thyroid

cricotracheal ligament to trachea

19
Q

What is the function of the epiglottis

A

seals off the trachea during swallowing to prevent aspiration

20
Q

What connects the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages?

A

quadrangular membrane

21
Q

What are the functions of the larynx?

A

voice production

protection of air passages

22
Q

Where is the laryngeal cavity located?

A

laryngeal inlet and inferior border of cricoid cartilage

23
Q

What makes up the laryngeal cavity?

A

laryngeal vestibule
middle region of cavity
laryngeal ventricle
infraglottic cavity

24
Q

What two things do each vocal fold contain?

A

vocal ligament and vocalis muscle

25
Q

What is the function of the vocal folds?

A

control sound production and prevent choking by closing off the larynx

26
Q

What is the rima glottidis?

A

opening between vocal folds and the arytenoid cartilages of the larynx
changes shape based on position of vocal folds (opens as air is expelled)

27
Q

What is the rima glottidis?

A
  • opening between vocal folds and the arytenoid cartilages of the larynx
  • changes shape based on position of vocal folds (opens as air is expelled, closed during phonation)
28
Q

What are the muscles of the larynx?

A 
cricothyroid muscle 
thyro-arytenoid 
vocalis 
posterior crico-arytenoid 
lateral cricoid-arytenoid 
transverse arytenoid 
oblique arytenoid
29
Q

What nerve innervates the cricoid-thyroid muscle?

A

external laryngeal

30
Q

What nerve innervates the majority of the laryngeal muscles?

A

inferior laryngeal nerve (continuation of recurrent laryngeal)

31
Q

Describe the structure of the thyroid cartilage?

A
  • composed of two laminae which fuse anteriorly to form laryngeal prominence (Adams apple)
  • each lamina has a superior and inferior horn
  • also contains superior thyroid notch superior to laryngeal prominence
32
Q

What is the location of the epiglottis?

A

post to root of tongue and hyoid

anterior to inlet of larynx

33
Q

What makes up the lower border of the quadrangular membrane?

A

Vestibular ligament which is covered by mucosa to form the vestibular fold

34
Q

What makes up the upper border of the quadrangular membrane?

A

ary-epiglottic ligament which is covered by mucosa to form ary-epiglottic fold

35
Q

What cartilages are fund in region of Ary-epiglottic fold?

A

corniculate and cuneiform

36
Q

What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?

A

stretches and tenses vocal ligaments

37
Q

What is the function of the thyroid-arytenoid muscles?

A

relaxes vocal ligaments

38
Q

What is the function of the vocalis muscles?

A

relaxes posterior region of vocal ligaments whilst maintaining tension on anterior region

39
Q

What is the function of the crico-arytenoid muscles?

A

abducts vocal folds

40
Q

What is the function of the lateral cricoid-arytenoid muscles?

A

adduct vocal folds

41
Q

What is the function of the transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles?

A

close off the posterior region of rima glottidis

Neurology (53 decks)

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