Anatomy superficial face

Question 1

What is the vertex of the skull

Answer 1

highest point of the skull (either side of vertex you get different innervation)

Question 2

What cranial nerve innervates face?

Answer 2

Trigeminal

Question 3

What nerves innervates the back of the head?

Answer 3

spinal nerves (greater, third and lesser occipital)

Question 4

What are the three first divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 4

1) ophthalmic (CNVa)
2) maxillary (CNVb)
3) mandibular (CNVc)

Question 5

Where does the trigeminal nerve travel through the skull before it branches?

Answer 5

emerges from lateral aspect of pons

Question 6

Where do the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve emerge from the skull?

Answer 6

a = superior orbital fissure
b = foramen rotundum 
c = foramen ovale

Question 7

What are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve?

Answer 7

Frontal
- supratrochlear nerve (anterior aspect of scalp and down to medial aspect of eye)
- supraorbital (starts at eyebrow and travels upward into scalp)
Nasociliary
- anterior ethmoidal + external nasal (front nose)
- posterior ethmoidal
- infratrochlear ( just superior to nose)
Lacrimal (lacrimal region)

Question 8

What are the maxillary divisions?

Answer 8

Zygomaticotemporal (superior and lateral to eye)
zygomaticofacial (lateral aspect of cheekbone)
infraorbital (upper lip up to lateral nose and lower eyelid )

Question 9

What are the initial divisions of the mandibular nerve?

Answer 9

Anterior and posterior

Question 10

What are the branches of the anterior mandibular?

Answer 10

Buccal (only one not used for mastication, rest are motor not sensory)
Later pterygoid
Deep temporal
Masseteric

Question 11

What are the branches of the posterior mandibular?

Answer 11

Auriculotemporal
lingual
inferior alveolar nerve (mylohyoid and mental)

Question 12

Where does mental nerve innervate?

Answer 12

chin and lower lip

Question 13

Where does the buccal nerve innervate?

Answer 13

superior aspect of middle jaw

Question 14

Where does Auriculotemporal innervate?

Answer 14

anterior part of ear and superior and inferior to this region

Question 15

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 15

• superior thyroid
• lingual
• facial artery
• maxillary (terminal)
• superficial temporal (terminal)
• posterior auricular
• occipital
• ascending pharyngeal
  (from most inferior anterior round to most posterior inferior)

Question 16

What are the tributaries of the internal jugular

Answer 16

• superficial temporal
• maxillary
• retromandibular
• facial

Question 17

What are the tributaries of the external jugular?

Answer 17

posterior auricular

retromandibular

Question 18

Which veins join cavernous sinus?

Answer 18

superior and inferior ophthalmic vein

- facial vein communicates with S and I ophthalmic

Question 19

Why can eye infections be so dangerous?

Answer 19

infection can get to cavernous sinus via ophthalmic

Question 20

What is danger triangle?

Answer 20

area where facial vein drains from, infection here can travel to cranial cavity via ophthalmic then cavernous sinus

Question 21

What are the muscles of the face?

Answer 21

occipitofrontalis (forehead)
orbicularis oculi (around eye)
Zygomaticus minor & major (around mouth, used to smile)
Levator labii superioris (elevates upper lip)
orbicularis oris (round mouth, close mouth)
depressor angel oris (pulls corner mouth down)
levator anguli oris (elevates corner mouth
depressor labii inferioris (pulls upper lip down)

Question 22

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

Answer 22

passes in through internal acoustic meatus

and out through stylomastoid foramen

Question 23

What nerves innervate muscle of facial expression?

Answer 23

facial nerve

• temporal
• zygomatic
• buccal
• mandibular
• cervical

Question 24

What condition will cause drooping of one side of face and what nerve causes this?

Answer 24

Bells palsy

CNVII

Question 25

Where are the parotid glands located and what is their function?

Answer 25

located between mandible and sternocleidomastoid

produce saliva

Question 26

What vessel carries the salvia from the gland to the oral cavity?

Answer 26

parotid duct emerges from anterior border gland pierces buccinator muscle and enters mouth

Question 27

What structures travel through the parotid gland?

Answer 27

• facial nerve
• external carotid artery
• retromandibular vein

Question 28

What nerve innervates parotid gland?

Answer 28

glossopharyngeal (parasympathetic innervation)