Anatomy superficial face Flashcards
What is the vertex of the skull
highest point of the skull (either side of vertex you get different innervation)
What cranial nerve innervates face?
Trigeminal
What nerves innervates the back of the head?
spinal nerves (greater, third and lesser occipital)
What are the three first divisions of the trigeminal nerve?
1) ophthalmic (CNVa)
2) maxillary (CNVb)
3) mandibular (CNVc)
Where does the trigeminal nerve travel through the skull before it branches?
emerges from lateral aspect of pons
Where do the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve emerge from the skull?
a = superior orbital fissure b = foramen rotundum c = foramen ovale
What are the branches of the ophthalmic nerve?
Frontal
- supratrochlear nerve (anterior aspect of scalp and down to medial aspect of eye)
- supraorbital (starts at eyebrow and travels upward into scalp)
Nasociliary
- anterior ethmoidal + external nasal (front nose)
- posterior ethmoidal
- infratrochlear ( just superior to nose)
Lacrimal (lacrimal region)
What are the maxillary divisions?
Zygomaticotemporal (superior and lateral to eye)
zygomaticofacial (lateral aspect of cheekbone)
infraorbital (upper lip up to lateral nose and lower eyelid )
What are the initial divisions of the mandibular nerve?
Anterior and posterior
What are the branches of the anterior mandibular?
Buccal (only one not used for mastication, rest are motor not sensory)
Later pterygoid
Deep temporal
Masseteric
What are the branches of the posterior mandibular?
Auriculotemporal
lingual
inferior alveolar nerve (mylohyoid and mental)
Where does mental nerve innervate?
chin and lower lip
Where does the buccal nerve innervate?
superior aspect of middle jaw
Where does Auriculotemporal innervate?
anterior part of ear and superior and inferior to this region
What are the branches of the external carotid artery?
- superior thyroid
- lingual
- facial artery
- maxillary (terminal)
- superficial temporal (terminal)
- posterior auricular
- occipital
- ascending pharyngeal
(from most inferior anterior round to most posterior inferior)
What are the tributaries of the internal jugular
- superficial temporal
- maxillary
- retromandibular
- facial
What are the tributaries of the external jugular?
posterior auricular
retromandibular
Which veins join cavernous sinus?
superior and inferior ophthalmic vein
- facial vein communicates with S and I ophthalmic
Why can eye infections be so dangerous?
infection can get to cavernous sinus via ophthalmic
What is danger triangle?
area where facial vein drains from, infection here can travel to cranial cavity via ophthalmic then cavernous sinus
What are the muscles of the face?
occipitofrontalis (forehead)
orbicularis oculi (around eye)
Zygomaticus minor & major (around mouth, used to smile)
Levator labii superioris (elevates upper lip)
orbicularis oris (round mouth, close mouth)
depressor angel oris (pulls corner mouth down)
levator anguli oris (elevates corner mouth
depressor labii inferioris (pulls upper lip down)
Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?
passes in through internal acoustic meatus
and out through stylomastoid foramen
What nerves innervate muscle of facial expression?
facial nerve
- temporal
- zygomatic
- buccal
- mandibular
- cervical
What condition will cause drooping of one side of face and what nerve causes this?
Bells palsy
CNVII
Where are the parotid glands located and what is their function?
located between mandible and sternocleidomastoid
produce saliva
What vessel carries the salvia from the gland to the oral cavity?
parotid duct emerges from anterior border gland pierces buccinator muscle and enters mouth
What structures travel through the parotid gland?
- facial nerve
- external carotid artery
- retromandibular vein
What nerve innervates parotid gland?
glossopharyngeal (parasympathetic innervation)
