Anatomy of Neck Flashcards
What is the group of nerves in the neck called?
Cervical Plexus (sensory and motor function)
What are the roots of the cervical plexus?
C1, C2, C3, C4, C5
What are the sensory branches of the cervical plexus?
Lesser occipital (behind ear) Great auricular (under ear) Transverse cervical (upper medial neck) Supraclavicular (lower and lateral neck)
What arteries provide branches to supply neck?
Facial artery
occipital
posterior auricular
subclavian
Which veins drain the neck?
anterior jugular veins
facial vein
occipital vein
posterior auricular vein
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?
lower = body of mandible midline = runs between suprasternal notch and chin anterior = sternocleidomastoid
What are the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid?
clavicular head
sternal head
(both insert on mastoid process of temporal bone)
Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid?
accessory nerve
What are the functions of the sternocleidomastoid?
flex neck anteriorly (chin to chest)
lateral flexion neck (head to shoulder)
Where are the hyoid muscles located?
anterior triangle of neck
What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?
elevate hyoid during swallowing
What are the supra hyoid muscles?
1) anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscle
2) Mylohyoid
3) Geniohyoid
4) Stylohyoid
What suprahyoid muscles are innervated by the facial nerve?
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid
What supra hyoid muscles are innervated by mylohyoid nerve
mylohyoid
anterior belly of digastric
What nerve innervates the geniohyoid
C1 nerve
What is the function of the infra hyoid muscles
depression of hyoid bone during swallowing
What are the infra hyoid muscles?
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
- thyrohyoid
- omohyoid (has two bellies)
What is the nerve which supplies most of the infra hyoid muscles?
ansa cervicalis (all but thyrohyoid)
What nerve supplies thyrohyoid?
C1 - hypoglossal
What are the different lymph node groups in the neck?
1) occipital nodes (occipital region of scalp)
2) mastoid nodes (postern-lateral half of scalp)
3) Pre-auricular & Parotid (anterior auricle, antero-lateral scalp, upper face, eyelids & lateral cheek)
5) submandibular (structures along facial artery, external nose, medial cheek, gums, teeth, tongue, upper lip & lateral lower lip)
6) submental (central lower lip, chin, floor mouth, lower incisors & top tongue
7) deep cervical
Where do the mastoid and occipital nodes drain into?
superficial cervical lymph nodes (arranged in chain along external jugular vein)
What drains into deep cervical lymph nodes?
pre-auricular, parotid, submandibular, submental and superficial cervical
Where does the deep cervical lymph nodes drain?
right and left jugular trunks which drain into right lymphatic duct and left thoracic duct which both drain into subclavian veins
What connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland
isthmus
What arteries supply thyroid?
1) superior thyroid artery (which comes off external carotid)
2) inferior thyroid artery (arises from thyrocervical trunk)
What veins drain the thyroid?
1) superior thyroid vein (internal jugular)
2) middle thyroid vein (internal jugular)
3) inferior thyroid vein (into braciocephalic vein)
What is the common anatomical variation in the thyroid artery supply?
development of thyroid ima artery can arise from arch of aorta or right subclavian or right common carotid
How many parathyroid glands are there?
2 superior
2 inferior
(located on posterior aspect of thyroid)
What arteries supply the parathyroid glands?
superior and inferior thyroid arteries
Which veins drain the parathyroid?
superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
