Anatomy of Neck

Question 1

What is the group of nerves in the neck called?

Answer 1

Cervical Plexus (sensory and motor function)

Question 2

What are the roots of the cervical plexus?

Answer 2

C1, C2, C3, C4, C5

Question 3

What are the sensory branches of the cervical plexus?

Answer 3

Lesser occipital (behind ear) 
Great auricular (under ear)
Transverse cervical (upper medial neck)
Supraclavicular (lower and lateral neck)

Question 4

What arteries provide branches to supply neck?

Answer 4

Facial artery
occipital
posterior auricular
subclavian

Question 5

Which veins drain the neck?

Answer 5

anterior jugular veins
facial vein
occipital vein
posterior auricular vein

Question 6

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 6

lower = body of mandible 
midline = runs between suprasternal notch and chin
anterior = sternocleidomastoid

Question 7

What are the two heads of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 7

clavicular head
sternal head
(both insert on mastoid process of temporal bone)

Question 8

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 8

accessory nerve

Question 9

What are the functions of the sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 9

flex neck anteriorly (chin to chest)

lateral flexion neck (head to shoulder)

Question 10

Where are the hyoid muscles located?

Answer 10

anterior triangle of neck

Question 11

What is the function of the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 11

elevate hyoid during swallowing

Question 12

What are the supra hyoid muscles?

Answer 12

1) anterior and posterior bellies of digastric muscle
2) Mylohyoid
3) Geniohyoid
4) Stylohyoid

Question 13

What suprahyoid muscles are innervated by the facial nerve?

Answer 13

posterior belly of digastric

stylohyoid

Question 14

What supra hyoid muscles are innervated by mylohyoid nerve

Answer 14

mylohyoid

anterior belly of digastric

Question 15

What nerve innervates the geniohyoid

Answer 15

C1 nerve

Question 16

What is the function of the infra hyoid muscles

Answer 16

depression of hyoid bone during swallowing

Question 17

What are the infra hyoid muscles?

Answer 17

• sternohyoid
• sternothyroid
• thyrohyoid
• omohyoid (has two bellies)

Question 18

What is the nerve which supplies most of the infra hyoid muscles?

Answer 18

ansa cervicalis (all but thyrohyoid)

Question 19

What nerve supplies thyrohyoid?

Answer 19

C1 - hypoglossal

Question 20

What are the different lymph node groups in the neck?

Answer 20

1) occipital nodes (occipital region of scalp)
2) mastoid nodes (postern-lateral half of scalp)
3) Pre-auricular & Parotid (anterior auricle, antero-lateral scalp, upper face, eyelids & lateral cheek)
5) submandibular (structures along facial artery, external nose, medial cheek, gums, teeth, tongue, upper lip & lateral lower lip)
6) submental (central lower lip, chin, floor mouth, lower incisors & top tongue
7) deep cervical

Question 21

Where do the mastoid and occipital nodes drain into?

Answer 21

superficial cervical lymph nodes (arranged in chain along external jugular vein)

Question 22

What drains into deep cervical lymph nodes?

Answer 22

pre-auricular, parotid, submandibular, submental and superficial cervical

Question 23

Where does the deep cervical lymph nodes drain?

Answer 23

right and left jugular trunks which drain into right lymphatic duct and left thoracic duct which both drain into subclavian veins

Question 24

What connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland

Answer 24

isthmus

Question 25

What arteries supply thyroid?

Answer 25

1) superior thyroid artery (which comes off external carotid)
2) inferior thyroid artery (arises from thyrocervical trunk)

Question 26

What veins drain the thyroid?

Answer 26

1) superior thyroid vein (internal jugular)
2) middle thyroid vein (internal jugular)
3) inferior thyroid vein (into braciocephalic vein)

Question 27

What is the common anatomical variation in the thyroid artery supply?

Answer 27

development of thyroid ima artery can arise from arch of aorta or right subclavian or right common carotid

Question 28

How many parathyroid glands are there?

Answer 28

2 superior
2 inferior
(located on posterior aspect of thyroid)

Question 29

What arteries supply the parathyroid glands?

Answer 29

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Question 30

Which veins drain the parathyroid?

Answer 30

superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins