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Biophysics > Refraction and Lens Lecture > Flashcards

Refraction and Lens Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

the incident ray, refracted ray, and the normal ray at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane

A

laws of refractio

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2
Q

states that the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equivalent to the phase velocities in two media or equivalent to the reciprocal of the ratio of the indices of refraction

A

snell’s law

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3
Q

the ratio of the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction is equivalent to what

A

phase velocities of two media
reciprocal of the ratio of indices of refrection

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4
Q

mathematically, for an angle of incidence θ1 and the angle of refraction θ:

A

sin θ1 / sin θ2 = v1 / v2 = n2/n1

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5
Q

bending of light as it goes from one optical medium to another

A

refraction

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6
Q

when the light rays travels from air to water, the refracted ray bends towards the ___

A

normal

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7
Q

is the ratio of the velocity of light in a
vacuum (3 x 108 m/s) to the velocity through the material.

A

index refraction

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8
Q

velocity of light in a vacuum

A

3x10^8 m/s

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9
Q

why is n>1

A

the index of refraction will always be greater than 1 since light will have a slower speed in a medium other than a vacuum

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10
Q

index of refraction formula

A

n = c/v

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11
Q
  • The rays of light from a stone get bent (refracted) as they leave the water.
A

real and apparent depth

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12
Q

is actual distance of an object beneath the surface, as would be measured
by submerging a perfect ruler along with it.

A

real depth

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13
Q

in a medium is the depth of an object in a denser medium as seen
from the rarer medium. Its value is smaller than the real depth.

A

apparent depth

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14
Q

a medium in which the speed of light is less.

A

optically denser

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15
Q

– a medium in which the speed of light is more

A

optical rarer

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16
Q

As the index of refraction value increases, the optical density ____

A

increases

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17
Q

As the index of refraction value increases, the optical density increases, and
the speed of light in that material ___

A

decreases

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18
Q

is the bending of light (also happens with sound, water, and other waves) as it passes from one transparent substance into another

A

refraction

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19
Q

this bending by ___ makes it possible for us to have lenses, magnifying glasses, prisms, and rainbows

A

refraction

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20
Q

speed of light in a vacuum

A

3.00x10^8

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21
Q

when light travels to a material it travels at a ___ speed

A

different

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22
Q

ratio of the speed of light (c) in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium (v)

A

index of refraction

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23
Q

index of refraction formula

A

n = c/v

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24
Q

c in index of refraction is

A

speed of light in vacuum

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25
Q

v in n =c/v is the

A

speed of light in the midum

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26
Q

index of refraction in terms of wavelength

A

N = λ/λm

λ - wavelength in a vacuum
λm = wavelength in a medium

27
Q

although the speed changes and the wavelength changes in refraction the ___ will be constant

A

frequency

28
Q

formula of frequency wavelength and speed

A

V = fλ

29
Q

the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction and the indices of refraction of the two media

A

snell’s law

30
Q

lens that is thicker in the center than the edges

A

convex lenses

31
Q

lens that converges (brings together) light rays

A

convex lenses

32
Q

forms real images and virtual images depending on the position of the object

A

convex lenses

33
Q

lenses that are thicker at the edges and thinner at the center

A

concave lenses

34
Q

lens that diverges light rays

A

concave lenses

35
Q

convex lenses images are

A

real and virtual depending on position

36
Q

concave lenses images are

A

erect and reduced

37
Q

common vision defects

A

farsightedness
nearsightedness
astigmatism

38
Q

insufficient refractive power to focus rays on retine

A

farsightedness

39
Q

excess refractive power focuses rays before they lead in retina

A

nearsightedness

40
Q

focuses light in different planes at different points

A

asymmetric refraction

41
Q

the ability to see objects clearly which are near but objects far away are blurred

A

nearsightedness

42
Q

nearsightedness is also known as

A

myopia

43
Q

caused by the fact that rays of light focus in front of the retina of the eye

A

nearsightedness

44
Q

nearsightedness is caused by the fact that the rays of light focus in ___ of the retina of the eye

A

front

45
Q

correcrted using a diverging lens

A

myopia

46
Q

ability to see objects clearly which are far but objects close to the eye appear blurred

A

farsightedness

47
Q

farsightedness is also known as

A

hyeropria

48
Q

caused by the fact that rays of light focus behind the retina of the eyeco

A

farsightedness

49
Q

hyeropia is corrected by using __

A

converging lens

50
Q

nearsightedness - fixed with ___ lens

farsightendness - fixed with ___ lens

A

diverging
converging

51
Q

to correct nearsightedness, a person will wear ___ glasses

A

concave

52
Q

to correct farsightedness a person will wear ___ glasses

A

convex

53
Q

which of the following can cause refraction of light

rectangular glass block
prism
concave lenses
all of this

A

all of this

54
Q

what is the nature of image formed in a concave lens

always real
always virtual
real or virtual
none of these

A

always virtual, always diminished, upright

55
Q

properties of image formed by concave lens

A

virtual
upright
diminished

56
Q

when light is incident along the principal axis of a convex lens, where does the refracted ray go?

A

along the principal axis

57
Q

what is the correct formula for snell’s law

sin i = sin r
sin i / sin r = constant
sin i > sin r
i/r = constant

A

sin i / sin r = constant

58
Q

which of the following can cause dry leaves to burn when sunlight falls on it for a long time

A

convex

59
Q

a fish in a lake is looking at a tree on the edge of the lake

how does the tree appear to the fish

shorter
same size
taller
none of these

A

taller

60
Q

what happens when light goes from R to D (denser)

A

bends toward the normal

61
Q

the refractive index of water, fused quartz, benzene, and ruby are 1.33, 1.46, 1.50, and 1.70 respectively

in which material does light travel the slowest?

A

ruby

62
Q

if the focal length of a concave lens is 2.5m, what is the power of the lens?

0.5 D
-0.5D
-0.4D
0.4D

P = 1/f in m = 100/f in cm

A

-0.4 D

63
Q

concave lens has positive/negative pwoer

A

negative

64
Q

convex lens has positive/negative power

A

positive

Biophysics (25 decks)

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