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Biophysics > Optics Lecture > Flashcards

Optics Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

deals with the properties and behavior of light along with its interactions with matter and also with the instruments used to detect it

A

optics

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2
Q

three broad subfields of optics

A

geometric optics
physical optics
quantum optics

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3
Q

study of light as rays

A

geometric optics

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4
Q

study of light as waves

A

physical optics

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5
Q

study of light as particles

A

quantum optics

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6
Q

electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from 380 nm to 750 nm which is visible to the human eye

A

light

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7
Q

the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected by the human eye

A

visible light

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8
Q

used to broadcast radio and television

A

radio waves

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9
Q

used in cooking, radar, telephone, and other signals

A

microwaves

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10
Q

transmits heat from sun, fires, radiations

A

infrared

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11
Q

makes things able to be seen

A

visible light

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12
Q

absorbed by the skin, used in fluorescent tubes

A

ultraviolet

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13
Q

used to view inside of bodies and objects

A

x-rays

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14
Q

used in medicine for killing cancer cells

A

gamma rays

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15
Q

used to describe the rays of light that exists

A

electromagnetic spectrum

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16
Q

___ and ___ help us to see an object

A

eyes
light

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17
Q

materials can be classified based on how it responds to light

A

opaque
transparent
transluscent

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18
Q

absorb light; do not let light pass through them (wood, rock, iron)

A

opaque materials

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19
Q

allow light to easily pass through them

A

transparent materials

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20
Q

opaque materials example

A

wood
rock
iron

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21
Q

transparent materials example

A

glass
water

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22
Q

allow light to pass through but distorts the light during the passage

A

transluscent materials

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23
Q

example of transluscent materials

A

some types of glass and plastic

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24
Q

basic optical devices

A

prism
mirror
converging lens
diverging lens

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25
Q

Light travels out in ___ directions from its source

A

all

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26
Q

Light is made up of particles called

A

photons

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27
Q

smallest possible particle of electromagnetic radiation and these particles travel in waves

A

photon

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28
Q

light travels in straight rays called ___

A

rays

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29
Q

light travels at the speed of ___

A

light

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30
Q

speed of light

A

186000 miles per seccond
300 000 kilometers per second

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31
Q

the speed of light is sort of a galactic ___ ___

A

speed limit

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32
Q

so far, nothing has been found to travel faster than ___

A

light

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33
Q

light can travel in a ___

A

vacuum

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34
Q

empty space

A

vacuum

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35
Q

what CANNOT travel in a vacuum

A

molecules of air or anything else

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36
Q

Light can be ___ which means it is converted to some other form such as thermal or heat energy

A

absorbed

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37
Q

is converted into some other form, such as thermal or heat energy

A

absorbed light energy

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38
Q

absorbed light energy can be converted to what form

A

thermal or heat energy

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39
Q

light can be ___ that if you light a surface, some of that light will bounce off

A

reflected

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40
Q

tells us that light will always be reflected by a surface at the same angle it hits the surface

A

law of reflection

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41
Q

the law of reflection tells us that light will always be reflected by a surface at the same ___ at which it hits the surface

A

angle

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42
Q

light can be ___ as when it passes from one medium to another, it changes direction slightly

A

refracted

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43
Q

occurs because light travels at different speeds through different materials

A

refraction

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44
Q

when light passes through air into water, for example it ___ (what speed of light)

A

slows down

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45
Q

sometimes light passes through matter; thus it can be said that light can be ___

A

transmitted

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46
Q

what kinds of matter does light pass through very easily

A

water
air
glass

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47
Q

allow light to be transmitted through them easily

A

transparent

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48
Q

material where it transmits some but not all the light that hits eat

A

translucent

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49
Q

does not transmit any light, you cannot see through them because light does not pass through it

A

opaque matter

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50
Q

interactions of light with matter (2)

A

absoprtion
scattering

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51
Q

is a transfer of energy from electomagnetic waves to the atoms or molecules of the medium

A

absorption

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52
Q

energy transferred to an atom can excite ___ to higher energy states

A

electrons

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53
Q

energy transferred to a __ can excite electrons to higher energy states

A

atom

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54
Q

energy transferred to a __ can excite vibrations or rotations

A

molecules

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55
Q

what property of light can excite these energy states depending on energy-level structures and therefore on the types of atoms and molecules contained in the meidum

A

wavelength

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56
Q

the spectrum of light after passing through a medium appears to have certain __ removed because they have been absorbed

A

wavelegths

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57
Q

the spectrum of light after passing through a medium appears to have certain wavelengths removed because they have been absorbed is called an

A

absorption spectrum

58
Q

also the basis for objects having color, for instance, an apple is red because it absorbs the other colors of the visible spectrum and reflects only red light

A

selective absorption

59
Q

does the apple absorb only red and reflect others?

A

no

60
Q

redirection of light caused by the light’s interaction with matter

A

scattering

61
Q

may have the same or longer wavelength (lower energy) as the incident radiation

A

scattered electromagnetic radiation

62
Q

does the scatter electromagnetic radiation have the same polarization?

A

no

63
Q

if the dimensions of the scatterer are much smaller than the wavelength of light, like a molecule, for example, what can the scatterer do?

A

absorb the incident light and reemit the light in a different direction

64
Q

if the reemited light has the same wavelength as the incident light, the process is called ___

A

Rayleigh scattering

65
Q

If the reemitted light has a longer wavelength, the molecule is left in an excited state, and the process is called ___

A

Raman scattering

66
Q

In ___ scattering, secondary photons of longer wavelength are emitted when the molecule returns to ground state

A

Raman

67
Q

when the light ray travels from water to air the refracted ray ___ away from the normal

A

bends

68
Q

light slows down when it enters an ___ medium

A

optically denser

69
Q

the refracted ray bends towards the ___ when the second medium is more dense than the first

A

normal

70
Q

when a light enters a new substance ___ to the surface of the substance, refraction does NOT occur

A

perpendicular

71
Q

a ray going straight in will reflect ___

A

straight out

72
Q

the reflected ray appears as if it came from ___ the mirror

A

inside

73
Q

review locating image in a flat mirror

A

+1

74
Q

procedures on knowing where the the image in a flat mirror is located

A

straight in/straight out rays from top and bottom

bring back the reflected rays

choose any ray from the top to hit the mirror

draw your norma

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

bring back the reflected rays

75
Q

what kind of image is made when it is in a flat mirror?

A

virtual image
upright
same height

76
Q

cannot be projected on a screen

A

virtual image

77
Q

in a plane mirror, the image will be formed __ the mirror

A

behind

78
Q

a converging mirror

A

concave mirror

79
Q

points in a concave mirro

A

CFP

80
Q

C stands for

A

center of curvature

81
Q

F stands for

A

focus

82
Q

P stands for

A

pole of the mirror

83
Q

where does the compas point should be placed when drawing the arc of the mirror?

A

C

84
Q

radius of the arc given the following points

C F P

A

CP

85
Q

4 rules for a concave mirror

rule 1

A

a ray of light which is parallel to the principal axis, after reflection passes through the focus

86
Q

rule 2 for concave mirros

A

a ray of light passing through the center of curvature is reflected back along with the same path

87
Q

a ray of light which is parallel to the principal axis, after reflection passes through the ____

A

focus

88
Q

a ray of light passing through the center of curvature is reflected back along with the ____ path

A

same

89
Q

in rule 2, the ray reflects on the same path because the ray of light falls ___

A

normally

90
Q

in rule 2, the ray reflects on the same path because the ray of light falls normally, which means it is ___ to the mirror

A

perpendicular

91
Q

rule 3 for concave mirrors

A

a ray of light passing through the focus after reflection becomes parallel to the principal axis

92
Q

a ray of light passing through the focus after reflection becomes ____ to the principal axis

A

parallel

93
Q

rule 1 is the exact opposite of rule 3 due to what principle

A

reversibility of light

94
Q

rule 4 of concave mirros

A

a ray of light which is incident at the pole of a concave mirror is reflected back making the same angle with the principal axis

95
Q

a ray of light which is incident at the pole of a concave mirror is reflected back making the same angle with the ___ axis

A

principal

96
Q

when the person is beyond C, what rules can be used

A

Rule 1 and rule 2

97
Q

where is the image is produced when object is beyond C in concave mirrors

A

head is placed on the intersection while the feet is in the principal axis

98
Q

what kind of image is produced when object is beyond C in a concave mirror

A

real
inverted
diminished

99
Q

when the person is at C, what rules cannot be used

A

rule 2

100
Q

when the person is at C, what rules are used

A

rule 1 and 3

101
Q

where is the image is produced when object is at C in concave mirrors

A

the image is directly below the object at C

102
Q

what kind of image is produced when object is at C in a concave mirror

A

real
inverted
same size

103
Q

when the object is between C and F which rule is used

A

rule 1 and rule 2

104
Q

where is the image is produced when object is between C and F in concave mirrors

A

beyond C

105
Q

what kind of image is produced when object is between C and F in a concave mirror

A

real and inverted
magnified

106
Q

if the object is located at F, what rules can be applied

A

rule 2
rule 1

107
Q

what happens to the reflected rays when object is at F

A

parallel to each other (divergent)

108
Q

where does the image occur when the object is between F and P

A

behind the mirror

109
Q

what kind of image is produced when object is between F and P in a concave mirror

A

virtual
magnified
upright

110
Q

what usage in concave mirror when object is at F

A

shaving mirror

111
Q

diverging mirror

A

convex mirror

112
Q

rule 1 for convex mirrors

A

ray of light which is parallel to the principal axis, after reflection it appears to becoming from the focus

113
Q

ray of light which is parallel to the principal axis, after reflection it appears to becoming from the ___

A

focus

114
Q

rule 2 for convex mirros

A

ray of light going towards the center of the curvature is reflected back along the same path

115
Q

rule 3 for convex mirrors

A

ray of light going towards the focus after reflection becomes parallel to the principal axis

116
Q

rule 4 for convex mirrors

A

incident at the pole of the convex is reflected back making the same angle with the principal axis

117
Q

when an object is standing in front of a convex mirror, which rule is used

A

rule 1
rule 2

118
Q

where does the image form when an object is standing in front of a convex mirror

A

intersection inside the mirror near F

119
Q

what is the kind of image produced when an object stands in front of a convex mirror

A

diminished
upright
virtual

120
Q

Double convex lens is a diverging material.

T/F

A

False

121
Q

For double concave lens image formed may be REAL, INVERTED and relatively BIGGER.

T/F

A

False

122
Q

Dentist use CONVEX MIRRORS during dental procedures.

T/F

A

False

123
Q

Convex mirrors diverge light when reflected.

T/F

A

True

124
Q

Concave mirrors diverge light when reflected.

T/F

A

False

125
Q

Convex mirrors always create VIRTUAL and SMALLER images.

T/F

A

True

126
Q

Double concave lens diverge light that passes through it.

T/F

A

True

127
Q

For double convex lens as the object moves away from the lens the image formed is SMALLER, VIRTUAL and UPRIGHT.

T/F

A

False

128
Q

In Law of Reflection, the angle of incidence is greater than the angle of reflection

T/F

A

False

129
Q

If an object is placed between the focal point and the vertex of a concave mirror, the image formed will be _______.

A

virtual, bigger, upright

130
Q

If the object is placed in front of a concave mirror at the position between the VERTEX and FOCAL POINT the image formed is VIRTUALand BIGGER at the back of the mirror

A

True

131
Q

If an object is placed at the Center of Curvature in front of a concave mirror, the image formed will be ___________.f

A

real
inverted
same size, same location

132
Q

CONCAVE MIRRORS are used as side mirrors of vehicles.

T/F

A

False

133
Q

Plane mirrors always create REAL images.

T/F

A

False

134
Q

for convex mirrors as the object moves closer in front of the mirror the VIRTUAL image formed becomes bigger but still smaller than the object size

T/F

A

True

135
Q

if an object is placed between the focal point and vertex in front of a convex mirror the image formed will be

A

virtual
smaller
upright

136
Q

for double convex lens as the object is moved farther away from the less, the image formed becomes SMALLER, INVERTED, and REAL

A

True

137
Q

For convex mirros as the object moves closer in front of the mirror, the size of the REAL IMAGE becomes smaller

t/f

A

FALSE

138
Q

plane mirrors create LATERALLY REVERSED images

T/F

A

Truef

139
Q

for double concave lens, the image formed is always VIRTUAL, UPRIGHT, and SMALLER

T/F

A

True

140
Q
A

Biophysics (25 decks)

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