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Biophysics > Impulse Momentum and Energy Transformation > Flashcards

Impulse Momentum and Energy Transformation Flashcards

1
Q

efficiently elastic material example

A

rubber
steel
cork

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2
Q

one that has the right combination of strength and elasticity for a particular application

can regain their shape after being stretched or compressed

A

efficiently elastic material

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3
Q

mass in motion

A

momentum

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4
Q

intertia in motion

A

momentum

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5
Q

a lot of momentum means a lot of ___

A

oomph

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6
Q

momentum formula

A

mass x velocity

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7
Q

two types of momentum

A

linear momentum
angular momentum

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8
Q

angular momentum formula

A

L = Iw

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9
Q

SI unit of momenntum

A

kg m/s

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10
Q

the direction of the momentum is the same as ___

A

velocity

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11
Q

a vector that points in the same direction as the object’s velocity

A

monemtum

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12
Q

as such we can also write the momentum in terms of x and y components that is

A

px = mvx

py = mvy

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13
Q

he momentum towards the __and ___will have a negative sign.

A

left
down

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14
Q

what is newton’s second law of motion

A

an object acted upon by a constant unbalanced force, moves with constant acceleration in the direction of the unbalanced force

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15
Q

newton’s second law of motion formula

A

Funb = ma

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16
Q

to rewrite momentum in terms of newton’s second law of motion:

A

F = ma
F = m Δv/t = mΔv/t
Ft = mΔ

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17
Q

ft = Δ(mv) is also known as

A

impulse

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18
Q

change in momentum

A

impulse

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19
Q

impulse unit

A

J

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20
Q

is defined as the change in momentum of an object due to a force that is applied during a period of time

A

impulse

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21
Q

aside from J, impulse also the unit

A

N s

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22
Q

sually considered typically during collision (short period) or explosion

A

impulse

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23
Q

states that an impulse delivered to an object causes the object’s momentum to change.

A

momentum principle

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24
Q

a 1.3kg ball is coming straight at a 75 kg soccer player at 13 m/s who kicks it in the exact oppositedirection at 22 m/s with an average force of 1200N. How long are his foot and the ball in contact?

A

0.0379s

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25
Q

product of the force acting on an object over time during which the force acts

A

impulse

26
Q

impulse momentum theorem formula

A

F = mΔv/t

27
Q

impulse applied to the object is equal to the ___

A

change in momentum

28
Q

states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant, unless an external force acts upon it

A

law of conservation of momentum

29
Q

law of conservation of momentum formula

A

mava + mbvb = mava + mbvb

30
Q

law of conservation of momentum states

A

in a closed and isolated system, the total momentum of the objects before a collision is equal to the total momentum of the objects after the collission

31
Q

system where matter and energy do not enter or leave the system

A

closed, isolated system

32
Q

is a brief interaction between two (or more) objects

A

collission

33
Q

the word __ is used when the interaction time (Δt) is short relative to the rest of the motion

A

collission

34
Q

during a collision, the objects exert equal and opposite forces on each other, we assume these “internal” forces are much larger than any ____ on the system

A

external

35
Q

three types of collission

A

perfectly inelastic
elastic
inelastic

36
Q

two object stick together after the collision so that their final velocities are the same

A

perfectly inelastic

37
Q

conserved quantity in perfectly inelastic collision

A

momentum

38
Q

the two objects bounce after the collision so that they move separately

A

elastic collision

39
Q

what is conserved in elastic collision

A

momentum and kinetic energy

40
Q

the two objects deform during the collision so that the total kinetic energy decreases, but the objects move separately after the collision

A

inelastic collision

41
Q

conserved quantity in inelastic collision

A

momentum

42
Q

energy of motion

A

kinetic energy

43
Q

kinetic energy formula

A

1/2mv^2

44
Q

J is also known as

A

kg m^2/s^2

45
Q

two dimension collision of two objects formula

A

m1v1ix + m2v2ix = m1v1fx+m2v2fx
m1v1iy+m2v2iy = m1v1fy+m2v2fy

46
Q

Which has a greater momentum—a truck with a mass of 2250 kg moving at a speed of 25 m/s or a car with amass of 1210 kg moving at a speed of 51 m/s?

A

car

47
Q

A car accelerates from rest. In doing so the absolute value of the car’s momentum changes by a certain amount and that of the Earth changes by a larger amount.

A

False

48
Q

The impulse-momentum relationship is a direct result of

A

Newton’s second law

49
Q

A 5000-kg freight car moving at 2 m/s collides with a 10,000-kg freight car at rest. They couple upon collision and move away at

A

2/3 m/s

50
Q

When a golf club hits a golf ball, the change in momentum of the ball is ___________ the change in momentum of the club.

A

equal to

51
Q

Consider two carts, of masses m and 2m, at rest on an air track. If you push first one cart for 3 s and then the other for the same length of time, exerting equal force on each, the kinetic energy of the light cart is smaller than the kinetic energy of the heavy car.

T/F

A

False

52
Q

Suppose the entire population of the world gathers in one spot and, at the sounding of a prearranged signal, everyone jumps up. While all the people are in the air, Earth recoils, like a rifle firing a bullet, with a change in momentum equal to and opposite that of the people.

T/F

A

True

If we consider Earth to be an isolated system (during the short time interval that the people jump up, this approximation is appropriate), then momentum must be conserved. So the momentum of Earth must be equal to and opposite that of the jumping people. Because of Earth’s large inertial mass, however, there is no perceptible motion.

53
Q

If superman at rest in free space throws an asteroid that has more mass than superman, then which moves faster?

A

superman

54
Q

A Toyota (small car) strikes a Mack truck (large truck) head-on. They stick together after the collision. Defining the system as the car plus the truck, total momentum and total energy are conserved.

T/F

A

True

Assuming that the drivers do not apply the brakes and thus the system is isolated, both total momentum and total energy are conserved. Some kinetic energy is dissipated into the deformation of the car and truck so kinetic energy is not conserved.

Correct answer: True

55
Q

Padded dashboards in cars are safer in an accident than non-padded ones because passengers hitting the dashboard encounter

A

: lengthened time of contact

56
Q

A person is standing on a roller blades and is holding a heavy medicine ball. If he throws the ball horizontally to the right, what will be the resulting motion?

A

: to the left

57
Q

A large heavy truck and a small baby carriage roll down a hill. Neglecting friction, at the bottom of the hill,the baby carriage will likely have

A

less momentum.

58
Q

Whether a truck comes to a stop by crashing into a haystack or a brick wall, the impulse is

A

both the same

59
Q

A golf ball is fired at a bowling ball initially at rest and bounces back elastically. Compared to the bowling ball, the golf ball after the collision has less momentum but more kinetic energy.

T/F

A

True

The golf ball bounces back at nearly its incident speed, whereas the bowling ball hardly budges. Thus the change in momentum of the golf ball is nearly -2mv, and the bowling ball must gain momentum +2mv to conserve momentum. However, since the mass of the bowling ball is much larger than that of the golf ball, the bowling ball’s velocity and hence its kinetic energy are much smaller than those of the golf ball.

60
Q

Skelly the skater travelling at high speed needs a certain amount of force to stop him. More stopping force is needed if he has

A

all of the above

61
Q

The momentum change of an object is equal to the

A

impulse acting on it

62
Q

A 90 kg halfback runs north and is tackled by a 120 kg opponent running south at 4 m/s. The collision is perfectly inelastic. Just after the tackle, both players move at a velocity of 2 m/s north. Calculate the velocity of the 90 kg player just before the tackle.

A

The velocity of the 90kg player just before the tackle is 10 m/s, North.

Biophysics (16 decks)

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