Laboratory Safety and Equipment Familiarization Flashcards
Give safety rules in the laboratory
- NEVER work alone in the laboratory. Work in the lab only while under the supervision of your teacher. Do not leave equipment unattended while it is in operation.
- Read the entire experiment before entering the lab. Take the necessary precautions in performing the experiment. If in doubt, you can ask your teacher about it.
- Familiarize yourself with safety symbols and cautions posted in the laboratory room.
- Report all accidents to the teacher immediately, no matter how minor. In addition, if you get a headache, feel sick to your stomach, or feel dizzy, tell your teacher immediately.
- DO NOT perform unauthorized experiments or use materials and equipment in a manner for which they were not intended. 6. Experiments performed in the laboratory class must be approved by the teacher. Steps in a procedure should only be performed as described in the textbook or lab manual or approved by your teacher.
- Never play in the lab or use lab time or equipment for anything other than their intended purpose. Be cautious in using laboratory equipment and apparatus.
- Food, beverages, and chewing gum are NEVER permitted in the laboratory.
- Exercise caution when working with electrical equipment. Do not use electrical equipment with frayed or twisted wires. Be sure your hands are dry before using electrical equipment.
- Keep your working areas and apparatus clean and neat.
laboratory apparatus/equipment/device are categorized according to
electrical equipment,
magnetic equipment
optical equipment
gravity related equipment
waves and sound related equipment,
heat and thermodynamics equipment,
kinetics related equipment measuring equipment
measuring equipment includes (6)
meter scale
vernier caliper
micrometer
stop watch
analytical balance
triple beam balance
most common measuring tool that we use in a day to day activity. Often know as a rule
meter scale
what is a meter scale
measuring tool that has equally spaced markings along its length to measure distances along the straight lines
one of the most widely used measuring instruments after the measuring scale
vernier caliper
use of vernier caliper
allows users to measure distances with far greater degree of accuracy than a measuring scale
works on simple principle of converting distances into larger ones by measuring the rotation of the screw
micrometer
what is a micrometer
utilizes a “screw” principle to read smaller distances on a scale after amplifying them
label the vernier caliper parts
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label micrometer parts
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is a clock designed to measure the amount of time elapsed from a particular time when it is activated to the time when the piece is deactivated
stop clock
use of stop clock/stop watch
used to measure time in experiments (like in pendulum based experiments) where brief period of time measurements is needed to do calculations
provides greater accuracy than spring scale in determining mass of objects in grams
triple beam balance
use of triple beam balance
determine the mass of objects in grams in great accuracy
most precise mass measuring tool because of its readability measuring to the nearest 0.0001g
analytical balance
analytical balance use
determine the mass of small samples with a high degree of accuracy and precision.
used to determine the young’s modulus (Y) of a material of a wire
Searle’s apparatus
Searle’s apparatus use
used for the measurement of Young’s modulus. It consists of two equal-length wires that are attached to a rigid support
kinematics related equipment (3)
Searle’s apparatus
spring balances
spring constant apparatus
are commonly used to measure the force exerted on an object.
Spring balances
force measured in spring balacnes are measured in what unit
newtons
weight of an object formula
w = mg
Label Searle’s apparatus
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use of Spring balance
used to measure the force exerted on an object
used to measure force by using Hook’s law
Spring Constant Apparatus
use of Spring Constant apparatus
measure force by using Hook’s law
heat and thermodynamics related equipment (2)
thermometer
calorimeter
is an instrument that measures temperature
thermometer
use of thermometer
measure temperature
is used to measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity
calorimeter
calorimeter use
measure the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes as well as heat capacity
two-pronged fork with the prongs (tines) forming a U-shaped bar of elastic metal
tuning fork
use of tuning fork
resonates at a specific constant pitch when striked on a surface
used for demonstrating longitudinal and transverse motion
wave motion apparatus
wave motion apparatus use
to demonstrate fundamental wave properties, including wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and wave speed.
device used for measuring the relationship between the frequency of the sound produced by a plucked string and the tension, length, and mass per unit length of string
sonometer
use of sonometer
to measure sound waves. The device is used to show the connection between the tension, length, and mass per unit length of the string and the frequency of the sound it makes when it is pulled.
wave and sound related equipment (3)
wave motion apparatus
sonometer
tuning fork
optical equipment (2)
optical benches
prism
observe the image formation
optical benches
use of optical benches
perform and observe the fundamentals of optics such as image formation, reflection, refraction, and more
piece of glass or other transparent material cut with precise angles and plane faces that is useful for analyzing and reflecting light
prism
use of prism
a piece of glass or other transparent material cut with precise angles and plane faces, useful for analyzing and reflecting light
gravity related equipment (3)
pendulum
parallelogram apparatus
force table
weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely
pendulum
what is the pendulum sujected to due to gravity that will accelerate it back toward the equilibrium position
restoring force
pendulum use
weight suspended from a pivot so that it can swing freely
used in measuring forces cating on a single point
parallelogram apparatus
dimensions of parallelogram apparatus
650x500mm with 2 aluminium pulleys clamped at the top
parallelogram apparatus use
used to study the relationship between forces in a visually and kinesthetically effective manner.
demonstrate the concept of addition of forces on two dimensional field
force table
use of force table
calculate the sum of vector forces from weighted chains that pull a central ring
electrical equipment (8)
resistor
multimeter
ammeter
daniell cell
Ohm’s law apparatus
voltmeter
galvanometer
potentiometer
electrical device that resist the flow of electrical current
resistor
use of resistor
used to resistance the flow of current.
multi-functional electrical measuring equipment
multimeter
use of multimter
measures the characteristic of electric signal
an instrument used for measuring electrical potential difference between two points in an electric circuit
voltmeter
voltmeter use
measuring electric potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.
used to measure current, either direct or alternating electric current, in a circuit
ammeter
electric currents are measured in
amperes (A)
ammeter use
can measure both the DC and AC current
is the device used for detecting the presence of small current and voltage or for measuring their magnitude
galvanometer
galvanomter use
used on electrical circuits to know and measure the intensity and direction of electrical current.
commonly referred to as a “pot” is a three terminal mechanically operated rotary analogue device which can be found and used in a large variety of electrical and electronic circuits
potentiometer
use of potentiometer
to both adjust voltage output to a circuit, and accurately measure (or meter) electric potential
can be used to generate electricity or to store elecity, or to store electricity by consuming an electrode
Daniell cell
daniell cell use
used to ‘generate’ electricity, by consuming an electrode, or to store electricity.
is used to verify Ohm’s law i.e. potential difference (voltage) across an ideal conductor is proportional to the current through it
Ohm’s law apparatus
use of ohm’s law apparatus
To determine the resistance per cm of a given wire by plotting a graph of potential difference versus current, and hence to determine its resistivity. R depends upon the material, temperature and dimensions of the conductor. In S.I.
Electronic device that measures several measurement functions, allowing the user to measure voltage, current, and resistance.
multitester
to convert electrical energy from one form to another.
power supply
why is a power supply important
when powering electronic devices since they require a consistent voltage to operate.
is used to measure the potential difference between two points in a electrical/electronic circuit
voltmeter
measures electric current in milliamperes (mA), a unit that is one-thousandth of an ampere.
milliammeter
does the opposite by facilitating the transfer of electrical signals in electrical circuits.
connector
is used with projectile launchers and photogates it stops the time and determines how long a projectile is in motion (flight)
time of flight accesory
usually clamped to a table launching projectiles (plastic balls) to 1 to 5 m with launch angles from 0º to 90º.
projectile launcher
is used to measure angles from 0º to 90º in two directions. I
angle indicator
A discontinued device dubbed as “first graphing logger.” The tool can capture, analyze, and store data.
GLX explorer
Monitors passing motion through its narrow infrared beam. When the beam is broken due to a passing object, the output voltage lowers and turns on the red LED on the photogate.
photogate head
connects digital sensors to the PASPORT interface and PASCO data collection software
digital adapter
Set on a desktop or mounted to a rod stand, the device measures the target’s position, velocity, and acceleration through its ultrasonic pulses.
motion sensor
measures the time between the trigger and uses it to calculate the target’s distance and its rate of change through consecutive position measurements.
motion sensor
used to measure force through conversion of mechanical force (stress) to an electrical signal
force sensor
The voltage on the bridge circuit is proportional to the
force sensor
applied force
With its mass, magnets, and holes, the cart was designed specifically for collision experiments, making the carts “bounce off” with little friction loss.
dynamics cart
connecting PASPORT sensors to devices via Bluetooth or USB cable.
air link
is a precise instrument that measures the duration of events. In the laboratory, the stopwatch functions to calculate the duration of experiments. They also guarantee data integrity by ensuring the reliability of experimental outcomes.
stop watch
Used to accurately measure small dimensions with high accuracy such as diameters, thicknesses, and lengths, often down to 0.01 mm or 0.001 inches.
micrometer caliper
Accurately determines internal and external dimensions, as well as depths, with great precision (often down to 0.01 mm), making it indispensable in a wide range of technical and scientific applications.
vernier caliper
Is a versatile tool for firmly holding things in position during procedures (gluing, drilling, and welding). They can also support other equipment, stabilize structures, and create custom fixtures for specific tasks, strengthening precision and safety, and can be readily removed after the work is finished.
c-clamp
is an invaluable tool for measuring lengths in a flexible, portable, and precise way.
meter tape
decreases weight, resulting in material savings and better resource use. The block also provides thermal and acoustic insulation, good dimensional stability, and ease of machining.
cylincrical hollow metal block
often employed in educational contexts to illustrate concepts such as the inverse square law of electric fields, electrostatic shielding, and electric fields.
spherical metal block
They offer structural support and act as a reference standard for calibrating instruments. It can be utilized as counterweights or weights and can be used as heat sinks to remove electronic components.
rectangular metal block
Provides a regulated heat source for experiments that need careful temperature control.
electric stove
measures the expansion or contraction of materials in response to temperature variations. . A sample holder and a measurement tool are usually included in the equipment to ascertain how much a material changes in length when it is heated or cooled.
coefficient of linear expansion apparatus
used for thermal expansion and heat transfer tests. They offer a reliable source of steam in a laboratory setting, which can be used in conjunction with other equipment to investigate phenomena like phase transitions and the thermal characteristics of materials.
steam generator
are tools used to quantify the heat transfer resulting from physical or chemical transformations.
calorimeter
are used as tools that monitor temperature variations, which are essential for comprehending the thermal characteristics and behaviors of materials during heating and cooling operations.
thermometer
familiarize yourself with pictures
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