Kinesiology Flashcards
Scientific study of human motion
kinesiology
The science of movement including active and passive structures.
kinesiology
Kinesis means
movement or to move
logos means
to study
provides a straightforward view of human anatomy and its relation to movement.
structural kinesiology
Basis from which to describe joint movement.
reference position
standing upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close, palms facing forward.
anatomical position
the same as anatomical position except arms are at the sides and palms facing the body.
fundamental kinesiology
front or in the front
anterior
behind, in back, or in the rear.
posterior
below in relation to another structure, caudal.
inferior
above in relation to another structure, cephalic
superior
beneath or below the surface.
deep
near or above the surface.
superficial
situated away from the center or midline, or away from the point of origin.
distal
nearest to the trunk or the point of origin.
proximal
on or to the side, farther from the median or midsagittal plane.
lateral
relating to the middle or center nearer to the median or midsagittal plane.
medial
Imaginary two-dimensional surface through which a limb or body segment is moved,
planes of motion
Motion through a plane revolves around an axis.
planes of motion
it bisects the body into 2 equal symmetrical half (right and left).
sagittal plane
divides the body into front and back
frontal plane
divides the body into top and bottom.
transverse plane
The study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechanics.
biomechanics
The science of movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to produce movement.
biomechanics
involves all forces acting on the body being in balance (equilibrium).
statics
involves the study of systems in motion while unbalanced due to un equal forces acting on the body.
dynamics
dynamics-moving systems.
mechanics
the forces acting on the body during movement and the motion with respect to time and forces.
kinetics
– branch of biomechanics that describes the motion of a body without regard to the forces that produce the motion.
kinematics
Any action or influence that moves a body on influences the movement of a body.
forces
Describe as a push or pull exerted by one object on another.
force
Also known as tensile stress
tension
Occurs when two forces pull an object in opposite directions.
tension
Cause the object to stretch (ex. tendons stretched when muscle contracts).
tension
Force that pushes or presses an object (ex. when lifting a heavy object the body experience compressive force).
compression
A force that moves a bony segment away from its adjacent bony segment.
distraction
The force cause separation between bones that make up a joint.
distraction
Two forces acting parallel to each other in opposite directions.
shear
causes two objects to slide over one another resulting into friction.
shear force
Is a loading mode results in the generation of maximum tensile forces on the convex surface of the bent member and maximum compressive forces on the concave side.
bending
Occur when forces acting on a structure cause a twist about its longitudinal axis.
torsion
The strength of rotation produced by a force.
torque
The rotational equivalent of force.
torque
– amount of matter that a body contains.
mass
property of matter that causes it to resist any change of motion in either speed or direction.
inertia
force required to move an object in a certain distance.
work
formula of work
force x distance
unit of work
newton*meter or Joule
defined as the rate of work is being done.
power
power formula
work/time
power unit
Newton-meter/sec or Watts
capacity to do work.
energy
stored energy.
potential energy
energy in motion.
kinetic energy
Is a force between two surfaces that are sliding or trying to slide (static friction) across each other.
friction
Is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.
friction
is an idealization of a solid body where the deformations occurring on the body are neglected, the distance between any two given points of a rigid body remains a constant regardless of the external force acting upon it.
rigid body
three categories of rigid body motion
translational
rotation
general plane motion
all the particles that make up the body move along a parallel paths (rectilinear or curvilinear motion).
translational
the particles in the body move in parallel planes along circles centered on the axis of rotation.
rotational
plane motion that is a combination of translation and rotation.
general plane motion
Describes clear movements of bones which are visible from the outside.
osteokinematics
They arise from rotation around the joint axis.
osteokinematics
Ex. Flexion and extension.
osteokinematics
Refers to the movement of joint surfaces.
arthrokinematics
The angular movement of bones in the human body occurs as a result of a combination of rolls, spins, and slides.
arthrokinematics
The angular movement of bones in the human body occurs as a result of a combination of rolls, spins, and slides.
arthrokinematics
a rotary movement, on bone rolling on another.
roll
a rotary movement, one body spinning on another.
spin
a translator movement, sliding of one joint surface over another.
slide
When a convex joint surface moves on a concave joint surface.
convex on concave
The roll and slide occur in opposite directions.
convex on concave
When a concave joint surface moves about a stationary convex joint surface
concave on convex
The roll and slide occur in the same direction.
concave on convex
It is the prime mover. A muscle that causes a desired action; contracting.
agonist
It is a muscle simultaneously relaxing as the agonist is contracting.
antagonist
It is a muscle involved in addition to agonists and antagonists, which serve to steady a movement, thus, preventing unwanted movements and helping the prime mover functions more efficiently.
synergist
It is the attachment of the muscle tendons or aponeuroses to the stationary bone, which is usually proximal.
origin
It is the attachment of the other muscle tendons or aponeuroses to the movable bone which is usually distal.
insertion
forward (anterior) bending.
flexion
backward (posterior) bending.
extension
an abnormal or excessive extension of a joint beyond normal range of motion (can result to injury)
hyperextension
twisting movement of a body part.
rotation
moves limb laterally away from the midline of the body.
abduction
moves limb laterally towards or across the midline of the body.
adduction
movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body being moved stays stationary while the other end describes a circle.
circumduction
is the motion that moves the forearm from supinated position to the pronated position.
pronation
the motion that moves the forearm from pronated position to supinated position.
supination
lifting the front of the foot, top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg.
dorsiflexion
lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward.
plantar flexion
turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline.
inversion
turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline.
eversion
anterior movement of the scapula or the mandible.
protraction
posterior movement of the scapula or the mandible.
retraction
downward movement of the scapula or mandible.
depression
upward movement of the scapula or mandible.
elevation
brings the thumb and little finger together.
opposition
moves the thumb and little finger away from each other
reposition
side to side movement of the mandible.
excursion
movement of the mandible away from the midline (left or right).
lateral excusion
returns the mandible to its resting position at the midline.
medial excursion
glenoid cavity moves upward as the medial end of the spine moves downward.
superior rotation
downward motion of the glenoid cavity with upward movement of the medial end of the scapular spine.
inferior rotation
