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Biophysics > Kinesiology > Flashcards

Kinesiology Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific study of human motion

A

kinesiology

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2
Q

The science of movement including active and passive structures.

A

kinesiology

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3
Q

Kinesis means

A

movement or to move

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4
Q

logos means

A

to study

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5
Q

provides a straightforward view of human anatomy and its relation to movement.

A

structural kinesiology

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6
Q

Basis from which to describe joint movement.

A

reference position

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7
Q

standing upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close, palms facing forward.

A

anatomical position

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8
Q

the same as anatomical position except arms are at the sides and palms facing the body.

A

fundamental kinesiology

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9
Q

front or in the front

A

anterior

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10
Q

behind, in back, or in the rear.

A

posterior

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11
Q

below in relation to another structure, caudal.

A

inferior

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12
Q

above in relation to another structure, cephalic

A

superior

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13
Q

beneath or below the surface.

A

deep

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14
Q

near or above the surface.

A

superficial

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15
Q

situated away from the center or midline, or away from the point of origin.

A

distal

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16
Q

nearest to the trunk or the point of origin.

A

proximal

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17
Q

on or to the side, farther from the median or midsagittal plane.

A

lateral

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18
Q

relating to the middle or center nearer to the median or midsagittal plane.

A

medial

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19
Q

Imaginary two-dimensional surface through which a limb or body segment is moved,

A

planes of motion

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20
Q

Motion through a plane revolves around an axis.

A

planes of motion

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21
Q

it bisects the body into 2 equal symmetrical half (right and left).

A

sagittal plane

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22
Q

divides the body into front and back

A

frontal plane

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23
Q

divides the body into top and bottom.

A

transverse plane

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24
Q

The study of the structure, function and motion of the mechanical aspects of biological systems, at any level from whole organisms to organs, cells and cell organelles, using the methods of mechanics.

A

biomechanics

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25
Q

The science of movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to produce movement.

A

biomechanics

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26
Q

involves all forces acting on the body being in balance (equilibrium).

A

statics

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27
Q

involves the study of systems in motion while unbalanced due to un equal forces acting on the body.

A

dynamics

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28
Q

dynamics-moving systems.

A

mechanics

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29
Q

the forces acting on the body during movement and the motion with respect to time and forces.

A

kinetics

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30
Q

– branch of biomechanics that describes the motion of a body without regard to the forces that produce the motion.

A

kinematics

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31
Q

Any action or influence that moves a body on influences the movement of a body.

A

forces

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32
Q

Describe as a push or pull exerted by one object on another.

A

force

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33
Q

Also known as tensile stress

A

tension

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34
Q

Occurs when two forces pull an object in opposite directions.

A

tension

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35
Q

Cause the object to stretch (ex. tendons stretched when muscle contracts).

A

tension

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36
Q

Force that pushes or presses an object (ex. when lifting a heavy object the body experience compressive force).

A

compression

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37
Q

A force that moves a bony segment away from its adjacent bony segment.

A

distraction

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38
Q

The force cause separation between bones that make up a joint.

A

distraction

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39
Q

Two forces acting parallel to each other in opposite directions.

A

shear

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40
Q

causes two objects to slide over one another resulting into friction.

A

shear force

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41
Q

Is a loading mode results in the generation of maximum tensile forces on the convex surface of the bent member and maximum compressive forces on the concave side.

A

bending

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42
Q

Occur when forces acting on a structure cause a twist about its longitudinal axis.

A

torsion

43
Q

The strength of rotation produced by a force.

A

torque

44
Q

The rotational equivalent of force.

A

torque

45
Q

– amount of matter that a body contains.

A

mass

46
Q

property of matter that causes it to resist any change of motion in either speed or direction.

A

inertia

47
Q

force required to move an object in a certain distance.

A

work

48
Q

formula of work

A

force x distance

49
Q

unit of work

A

newton*meter or Joule

50
Q

defined as the rate of work is being done.

A

power

51
Q

power formula

A

work/time

52
Q

power unit

A

Newton-meter/sec or Watts

53
Q

capacity to do work.

A

energy

54
Q

stored energy.

A

potential energy

55
Q

energy in motion.

A

kinetic energy

56
Q

Is a force between two surfaces that are sliding or trying to slide (static friction) across each other.

A

friction

57
Q

Is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.

A

friction

58
Q

is an idealization of a solid body where the deformations occurring on the body are neglected, the distance between any two given points of a rigid body remains a constant regardless of the external force acting upon it.

A

rigid body

59
Q

three categories of rigid body motion

A

translational
rotation
general plane motion

60
Q

all the particles that make up the body move along a parallel paths (rectilinear or curvilinear motion).

A

translational

61
Q

the particles in the body move in parallel planes along circles centered on the axis of rotation.

A

rotational

62
Q

plane motion that is a combination of translation and rotation.

A

general plane motion

63
Q

Describes clear movements of bones which are visible from the outside.

A

osteokinematics

64
Q

They arise from rotation around the joint axis.

A

osteokinematics

65
Q

Ex. Flexion and extension.

A

osteokinematics

66
Q

Refers to the movement of joint surfaces.

A

arthrokinematics

67
Q

The angular movement of bones in the human body occurs as a result of a combination of rolls, spins, and slides.

A

arthrokinematics

68
Q

The angular movement of bones in the human body occurs as a result of a combination of rolls, spins, and slides.

A

arthrokinematics

69
Q

a rotary movement, on bone rolling on another.

A

roll

70
Q

a rotary movement, one body spinning on another.

A

spin

71
Q

a translator movement, sliding of one joint surface over another.

A

slide

72
Q

When a convex joint surface moves on a concave joint surface.

A

convex on concave

73
Q

The roll and slide occur in opposite directions.

A

convex on concave

74
Q

When a concave joint surface moves about a stationary convex joint surface

A

concave on convex

75
Q

The roll and slide occur in the same direction.

A

concave on convex

76
Q

It is the prime mover. A muscle that causes a desired action; contracting.

A

agonist

77
Q

It is a muscle simultaneously relaxing as the agonist is contracting.

A

antagonist

78
Q

It is a muscle involved in addition to agonists and antagonists, which serve to steady a movement, thus, preventing unwanted movements and helping the prime mover functions more efficiently.

A

synergist

79
Q

It is the attachment of the muscle tendons or aponeuroses to the stationary bone, which is usually proximal.

A

origin

80
Q

It is the attachment of the other muscle tendons or aponeuroses to the movable bone which is usually distal.

A

insertion

81
Q

forward (anterior) bending.

A

flexion

82
Q

backward (posterior) bending.

A

extension

83
Q

an abnormal or excessive extension of a joint beyond normal range of motion (can result to injury)

A

hyperextension

84
Q

twisting movement of a body part.

A

rotation

85
Q

moves limb laterally away from the midline of the body.

A

abduction

86
Q

moves limb laterally towards or across the midline of the body.

A

adduction

87
Q

movement of a body region in a circular manner, in which one end of the body being moved stays stationary while the other end describes a circle.

A

circumduction

88
Q

is the motion that moves the forearm from supinated position to the pronated position.

A

pronation

89
Q

the motion that moves the forearm from pronated position to supinated position.

A

supination

90
Q

lifting the front of the foot, top of the foot moves toward the anterior leg.

A

dorsiflexion

91
Q

lifting the heel of the foot from the ground or pointing the toes downward.

A

plantar flexion

92
Q

turning of the foot to angle the bottom of the foot toward the midline.

A

inversion

93
Q

turns the bottom of the foot away from the midline.

A

eversion

94
Q

anterior movement of the scapula or the mandible.

A

protraction

95
Q

posterior movement of the scapula or the mandible.

A

retraction

96
Q

downward movement of the scapula or mandible.

A

depression

97
Q

upward movement of the scapula or mandible.

A

elevation

98
Q

brings the thumb and little finger together.

A

opposition

99
Q

moves the thumb and little finger away from each other

A

reposition

100
Q

side to side movement of the mandible.

A

excursion

101
Q

movement of the mandible away from the midline (left or right).

A

lateral excusion

102
Q

returns the mandible to its resting position at the midline.

A

medial excursion

103
Q

glenoid cavity moves upward as the medial end of the spine moves downward.

A

superior rotation

104
Q

downward motion of the glenoid cavity with upward movement of the medial end of the scapular spine.

A

inferior rotation

Biophysics (14 decks)

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