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Biophysics > Electrostatic Charging > Flashcards

Electrostatic Charging Flashcards

1
Q

electricity that does not move or is static

A

electrostatics

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2
Q

all electricity comes from ___ forces from atoms

A

electrical

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3
Q

positive ions

A

protons

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4
Q

negative ions

A

electrons

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5
Q

the accumulaton of ___ is where electricity comes from

A

electrons

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6
Q

neutral so there is equal number of protons and electrons

A

atoms

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7
Q

center of the atom is the ___

A

nucleus

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8
Q

nucleus is made up of ___ and ___

A

protons
nucleus

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9
Q

orbit around the nucleus

A

electrons

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10
Q

two types of electrical charges

A

positive charge
negative charge

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11
Q

___ is conserved; meaning it is neither created nor destroyed

A

charge

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12
Q

charge is also ___, that it occurs in discrete amounts

A

quantized

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13
Q

when you charge something by any method, no charges are created or destroyed

A

conservation of charge

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14
Q

which ion move from one atom to another?

A

electrons

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15
Q

three types of charging

A

charging by friction
charging by conduction
charging by induction

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16
Q

transfer of charge due to rubbing contact between materials

A

charging by friction

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17
Q

electrons are transferred from one object to another by touching

A

charging by conduction

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18
Q

electrons are grounded, which leaves a positive charge when a negative object is brought near

A

charging by induction

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19
Q

when you rub one material to another they are charged by ___

A

friction

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20
Q

the material losing ___ is positively charged

A

electron

21
Q

the amount of gained and lost electrons is __ to each other

A

equal

22
Q

production of electric charge on the surface of a conductor under the influence of an electric field

A

induction

23
Q

the advantage of charging by ___ is that it can be repeated many times without any loss of charge from the inducing specimen like the negatively charged rod

A

induction

24
Q

occurs when neutral objects are placed in contact with an already charged object

A

charging by conduction

25
Q

if the object is -, ____ will push some of the excess electrons from the charged to the neutral object

A

electric repulsion

26
Q

Touching a charged object to an uncharged object transfers some of the charge

A

contact charging

27
Q

A charged object is brought close to an uncharged object

A

induction charging

28
Q

This induces the electrons to move in the uncharged object.

A

polarization

29
Q

If contact is then provided to the ground electrons will flow onto or off of the object.

A

grounding

30
Q

In this case electrons would be attracted from the ground to the positive charge. If a negatively charged object had been brought close to the blue object, then electrons would be forced off of the blue object and would flow to the ground.

A

grounding

31
Q

This produces an object that has the opposite charge of the original charge.

A

objects charged by induction

32
Q

Rubbing two different materials together, a process known as

A

charging by friction

33
Q

, is the simplest way to give something a charge.

A

charging by friction

34
Q

Rub a piece of ebonite (very hard, black rubber) across a piece of animal fur. Explain
what happens.

A

The fur does not hold on to its electrons as strongly as the ebonite. At least some of the
electrons will be ripped off of the fur and stay on the ebonite. Now the fur has a slightly
positive charge (it lost some electrons) and the ebonite is slightly negative (it gained some
electrons).The net charge is still zero between the two… remember the conservation of charge.
No charges have been created or destroyed, just moved around

35
Q

Rub a glass rod with a piece of silk. Explain what
happens.

A

This is the same sort of situation as the one above. In this case
the silk holds onto the electrons more strongly than the glass.
Electrons are ripped off of the glass and go on to the silk. The
glass is now positive and the silk is negativ

36
Q

Rather than try to keep track of
all the combinations, we arrange
common materials in a chart
called an “

A

electrostatic series

37
Q

tendency to hold on electrons materials

A

sulphur
brass
copper
ebonite
paraffin wax
silk
lead
fur
wool
glass

38
Q

Whichever material is closer
to the top is holding
electrons tightly so it will have a ___charge.

A

negative

39
Q

The material closer to the bottom has a greater chance of losing electrons, so it will be
___charged.

A

positively

40
Q

just means that the two objects will come into actual
physical contact with each other

A

conduction

41
Q

If the two objects are brought
close enough that an arc of
electricity jumps between them, it
counts as

A

conduction

42
Q

We bring the two objects close together. We will see a ___of charge happen in the
neutral object as negative electrons are repelled to the right hand side

A

separation of charge

43
Q

If the materials used were ___, only the specific areas that actually touched would show
any change in charge. That’s because the charges can’t move through the insulators easily.

A

insulators

44
Q

It is possible to charge a conductor without touching it. You do have to follow some special procedures.
● Most important is the use of a ___wire

A

grounding

45
Q

is simply a conductor that connects the object to the grounde

A

grounding wire

46
Q

Very early on physicists started using ___to measure very small charges
on objects

A

electroscopes

47
Q

is made up of a couple of very thin metal leaves that hang
down near to each other. They are connected to a metal rod that extends
upwards, and ends in a knob on the end.

A

electroscope

48
Q

In this situation a negative
object is brought nearby the electroscope.
This causes free moving electrons in the
electroscope to move ___into the leaves,
leaving the top positive. Since the leaves
both have negative charge they repel each
other and move apart.

A

down

49
Q

Bring a positive
object nearby and the free
electrons in the electroscope all
start moving up towards the
top. This means the bottom has
a net positive charge. The
leaves will spread ___ again.

A

apart

Biophysics (25 decks)

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