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GCSE RS > Redemption RS GCSE > Flashcards

Redemption RS GCSE Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a church

A

a building that is big enough to allow its members to meet together for worship

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2
Q

What are two key targets for designing a church

A
  • the altar needs to be the central focus
  • the church must be built to enable and inspire personal prayer
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3
Q

How were churches built, and Mass said, before 1965 (4)

A
  • facing Jerusalem
  • said in Latin
  • The altar was against the East wall
  • priest said mass with his back to the people
  • usually built cruciform (cross shape)
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4
Q

How are churches built after 1965 (4)

A
  • altars are away from the East wall, often in the centre
  • people were brought as close to the altar as possible
  • priest faces the congregation
  • churches are often circular
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5
Q

why do Catholic churches have so much decoration (5)

A
  • to encourage people to reflect on God’s glory
  • to show that nothing is too good for God
  • to make worshippers feel God is respected
  • encourage people to follow in the lives of saints
  • encourage people to pray and reflect on Jesus’ suffering
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6
Q

What are the 4 ways Christ is present at the Eucharist

A
  • in the consecrated bread and wine
  • in the word proclaimed in readings from the Bible
  • in the priest, especially at the consecration
  • in the worshippers together, as the Body of Christ
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7
Q

Why is the lectern important in a Catholic church

A
  • at least two readings from the lectern
  • the Bible is the Word of God
  • the lectern should be in a prominent place so people can clearly see and hear the Word of God
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8
Q

why is the altar important in a Catholic church

A
  • it is the place of sacrifice
  • it is where transubstantiation occurs
  • Christ is present at the altar
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9
Q

Why is the crucifix important in a Catholic church

A
  • it bears an image of Jesus dying
  • it reminds us of Jesus suffering
  • it inspires gratitude
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10
Q

Why is the tabernacle important in a Catholic church

A
  • consecrated bread is kept here
  • houses the real presence of Christ
  • bread is used at Communion services
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11
Q

what is Paschal sacrifice

A

a term that refers to the Last Supper, suffering, death and resurrection of Jesus

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12
Q

What are denominations
- What are some examples (7)

A

distinct groups within the Christian faith, with their own organisation and traditions
- Catholics, Protestants, Orthodox, Salvation Army, Quakers, Baptists, Jehovah’s Witnesses

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13
Q

Why is the altar sometimes also a table

A

because Mass is a re-enactment of the Last Supper, and it symbolises Christians joining in with this meal

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14
Q

Why is the crucifixion important

A

Jesus offered himself to the Father showing sacrifice

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15
Q

What is a crucifix
- why do many churches use this

A

a figure of Christ on the Cross
- to show that Jesus suffered out of love for humanity

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16
Q

Why do many people prefer to use a cross instead of a crucifix

A
  • there is no suggestion that people are worshipping an idol
  • the cross shows Jesus conquered death and has been risen
  • focusing on Jesus’ suffering takes away focus on the resurrection
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17
Q

What is the risen christ
- why is this often used

A

Jesus as the glorified, risen saviour
- stresses that we receive the Body. Blood, Soul and Divinity of the Risen Christ

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18
Q

What is Sin

A

the rejection of the Will of God

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19
Q

why did God give humans free will

A

he wanted people to choose to accept him rather than be forced to

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20
Q

Why are humans born with Original Sin
- how can this be cleansed

A

Because Adam and Eve ate the apple in the Garden of Eden
- through Baptism

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21
Q

How did Jesus live his life in total obedience to the father
- why did this cause his death

A
  • perfected the law
  • always showed love
  • kind to others
  • never condemned
  • people were uncomfortable at this so they accused him of Blasphemy
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22
Q

How was the relationship between God and man restored (which sacrifice)

A

the sacrifice of obedience, not of pain and blood

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23
Q

What is atonement

A

restoring the relationship between people and God through the life, death and resurrection of Jesus

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24
Q

Why was Jesus raised from hell

A
  • Jesus followed God by accepting his death
  • he had never sinned, so couldn’t stay in hell
  • Jesus had never rejected God so God raised him, destroying the power of the sin and death
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25
Q

What day of the week did the resurrection happen
- what does this show

A
  • the First day - Sunday
  • new Creation was brought in to balance the original creation
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26
Q

What was the ascension

A

the event, 40 days after the Resurrection, when Jesus returned to God the Father in heaven

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27
Q

when will the restoration of Creation happen
- what is it

A

when the whole of Creation accepts God as God
- when things are brought back to the way God intended them to be

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28
Q

how did God free humans from sin and death

A

through Jesus

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29
Q

What is the significance of Jesus accepting death

A

he fulfilled the OT prophecies
- he forgave others around him (Luke 23)

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30
Q

What signs in the Gospels showed the importance of Jesus’ death

A
  • the sky turned dark
  • veil in the Temple tore into two
  • water and blood flowed from the side of Christ where he was pierced
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31
Q

What is eternal life

A

life after death that exists forever

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32
Q

What is redemption

A

making up for the wrongs done by other people to restore relationships with God

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33
Q

What is the resurrection

A

Jesus’ rising from the dead after dying on the cross

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34
Q

What happened to those in hell at the Resurrection
- what does this show about God

A

they rose up to heaven with Jesus
- he is with Christians even in death

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35
Q

Where can accounts of the resurrection be found

A

Mark 16
John 20
Luke 24
Matthew 28

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36
Q

What did the apostles do when they heard Jesus’ tomb was empty and he had risen

A

they did not believe the women and went to check for themselves

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37
Q

What are some strange things about Jesus’ appearance after the Resurrection

A
  • the disciples didn’t recognise him at first, so he must have changed
  • he could be touched
  • he was not limited by things that limited other humans
  • he knew what was happening when he was not visible
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38
Q

What does the ascension show for Christians

A

that Jesus is with the father in heaven
- shows that believers can go to heaven as there is already a human there

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39
Q

How has salvation come in the past

A

through the death and resurrection of Jesus - sinners were freed from death and sin, and the gates of heaven had been opened

  • Salvation is through grace, and so nothing else is needed
40
Q

How is salvation in the present

A

believers need to allow themselves to be guided by the Holy Sporit every day

  • they need to resist temptation to Sin, but accept forgiveness when they do
41
Q

How is salvation in the future

A

the final victory of God’s grace will come at the end of time when God’s kingdom is established in full power. At this time, Sin and death will be completely destroyed and believers will share the glory of Christ

42
Q

why do some Christians believe salvation is only in the future, not in the present

A

we have to work to get to heaven, else it would have no meaning

43
Q

how is salvation reflected in the liturgy

A

the offering made by Christ on the cross is re-enacted at Mass. The body and blood of Christ is received by Catholics, and Christ enters their life to give grace and strength to resist Sin

44
Q

What is salvation

A

freedom from sin, and the eternal separation from God which is brought about by Sin

45
Q

What is grace

A

God’s free gift of his unconditional love to the believer

46
Q

what is God’s kingdom

A

the reign of God, when everyone will accept God and live forever in peace and harmony

47
Q

How is Jesus presented as an example in the Bible

A
  • Jesus was aware in the Garden of Gethsemane, of the pain and suffering he would have to endure
  • he stayed obedient and accepted death
  • By following his example, humanity can be saved
48
Q

How is Jesus presented as the restorer in the Bible

A

Through sin from Adam and Eve (Gen 3), the relationship between man and God was damaged
- Jesus restored this relationship through his death and resurrection

49
Q

How is Jesus presented as the victor in the Bible

A

Jesus defeated sin and made it possible to go to heaven (Ephesians 2:10)

50
Q

How do we know the idea of resurrection was not made up by the apostles

A

they had to be convinced that Jesus was alive again

51
Q

How does John’s Gospel show that redemption makes all things new and perfect

A

people close to Jesus e.g. Mary Magdalene and the disciples, did not recognise him

52
Q

What were the disciples told just before the Ascension (2)

A
  • Jesus promised he would send the Spirit to complete his work through them
  • the disciples were told Jesus would return in glory ‘on the clouds of heaven’ to complete redemption at the end of time
53
Q

What happened at Pentecost

A

the Holy Spirit filled the disciples - the same spirit that came to Jesus at his baptism

54
Q

What are fire and wind symbolic of in OT
- where are two examples of this

A

not controllable but can be used
- symbolise the presence of God
- Exodus 3 and Kings 19

55
Q

What is St Irenaeus’ metaphor for salvation

A

the parallel of the trees: the apple tree in the garden of Eden and the cross upon which Jesus died

56
Q

What is St Anselm’s metaphor for salvation
- what does each part of the metaphor represent

A

ransom was paid
God is the freer
Jesus is the ransom
humans are the slaves to sin
the slave over is Sin

57
Q

What is the issue with St Irenaeus’ metaphor on salvataion

A

it is based on a particular interpretation of Gen 3 that not all people agree with

58
Q

What is the issue with St Anselm’s metaphor on salvation

A

it implies there is someone greater than God, to whom the ransom is being paid

59
Q

what is conscience

A

the voice of God in the heart and soul, telling right from wrong

60
Q

How does God exist within us

A

as the Holy Spirit

61
Q

What happens to the conscience if you
- ignore it
- sin

A
  • they go against what is right
  • they block out conscience
62
Q

What is morality

A

a system of ethics on what is right and wrong

63
Q

how can we improve our conscience

A

by reading the Bible, praying, experiences, asking wiser people

64
Q

What words does ‘conscience’ come from

A

with knowledge

65
Q

what is a main cause of guilt

A

not listening to conscience

66
Q

what was St Thomas Aquinas’ opinion on conscience

A

he said that it was applying the knowledge of what is good and bad to help shape an individual’s actions

67
Q

what are some times when we should not listen to our conscience

A

when it goes against the laws of the Church

68
Q

Why should people listen to others (conscience)

A

to ensure their conscience is leading them correctly

69
Q

what is the Mass structured around

A

the fact that humans are redeemed in Christ. It is a re-enactment and celebration of Jesus’ death

70
Q

What quote shows Catholics praying as the Body of Christ

A

“For where two or three are gathered in my name, I am there among them” (Matthew 18:20)

71
Q

What do Catholics do at the start of Mass

A

apologise to God and each other for the sins that separate them, strengthening unity

72
Q

What are Catholics reminded of during the readings at Mass

A

God’s guidance throughout the years
- Jesus demonstrates through his words and actions how God loves, heals, restores and forgives all people

73
Q

What are the three mains sections of the Eucharist

A
  • Offertory
  • Eucharistic Prayer
  • Our Father and Communion
74
Q

What happens in the Offertory

A

people present the bread and wine to God as a sign of thanksgiving

75
Q

What happens in the Eucharistic Prayer
- What are they also known as
- what are the words

A

the words of Jesus at the Last Supper are repeated over bread and wine, then the doxology
- the Words of Institution

“This is my body … This is the blood of the new and eternal covenant which will be poured out for you and all people so that sins may be forgiven. Do this is memory of me”

76
Q

what is shown in the words of the Eucharistic Prayer (6)

A
  • Jesus anticipating his death
  • jesus showed his whole being was present
  • breaking bread and pouring wine show Jesus’ death
  • “… blood of the new covenant” emphasises the new promise with God
  • “do this in memory of me” - make this a reality every Mass
  • Mass is a meal that celebrates freedom from sin through Jesus’ blood, just like Last Supper (Passover) with lamb’s blood
77
Q

What happens for believers in communion
- What happens because of this

A

they recieve the body, blood, soul and divinity of Christ
- they are brought closer to Christ, they are given power to resist temptation and sin

78
Q

What happens at the end of Mass

A

a period of silent prayer, and Catholics share the presence of Christ with everyone

79
Q

What do Catholics believe about Mass

A
  • it is the highest form of prayer
  • re-enacts the sacrifice on the Cross
  • all prayers are inspired by the Spirit
  • ChCatholicsristians cannot live the full life that Christ wants without the Eucharist
  • offering Mass on Sunday is the perfect way to “keep the Sabbat day holy”
80
Q

How do Orthodox Christians celebrate the Eucharist differently to Catholics
- What do they both believe

A
  • consecration takes place behind an iconostasis
  • the Eucharist (Liturgy) is full of more intense symbolism and ritual
  • They both believe that Christ is fully present in the Eucharist
81
Q

What are Anglican beliefs about the Eucharist

A
  • some believe in literal transubstantiation, some believe it is only metaphorical
  • Christ is present in those that share the Eucharist
82
Q

What do Quakers and Salvation Army believe about the Eucharist

A

there is no Eucharist, but Christ is present through the Spirit, who inspires their prayers and actions

83
Q

What do Nonconformist Christians believe about the Eucharist

A
  • The Eucharist is a memorial of the Last Supper
  • Christ is present in the Word of God, the readings from the Bible
  • Some pray for Christ to enter their lives upon receiving Communion
84
Q

What are Orthodox Christians

A

a branch of Christianity mainly practiced in Eastern Europe

85
Q

What are Quakers

A

a religious group that doesn’t celebrate the Eucharist, but gather together to pray and be inspired by the Holy Spirit

86
Q

What are Salvation Army

A

Christians who see the main purpose of religion as going out to serve and help those in need

87
Q

What are Nonconformist Christians

A

those who do not follow the rules of the central authority, but local ones

88
Q

What do Christians believe about Christ’s presence in the Eucharist

A

he is fully present

89
Q

What is the idea of the real presence

A

Christ is truly present in the consecrated Bread and Wine

90
Q

What are the Words of Institution

A

the words of Jesus at the Last Supper

91
Q

What are 5 beliefs about the Words of Institution

A
  • the external features of Bread and Wine stay the same, but reality changes
  • Christ gave himself as Bread and Wine so his followers could share his suffering
  • “This IS my body”, not symbolic
  • Jesus gave his disciples the commission to do what he had done - this is passed to bishops and priests
  • ‘in memory of me’ in fact means to make it a reality everytime
92
Q

When is the Agnus Dei said

A

shortly before communion

93
Q

What do Christians believe about “Agnus Dei”

A

Jesus is the new lamb of God, it is symbolic of the Passover. The people have been saved by Jesus’ blood. In Exodus, they were saved from the Angel of Death by the Lamb’s blood

94
Q

What is Eucharistic Adoration

A

extra hosts are place into the tabernacle and people pray to it as it contains the real presence of Christ

95
Q

What is benediction

A

when a consecrated host is exposed in a monstrance. People kneel and pray to the monstrance as Eucharistic Adoration

96
Q

What are the words to the Agnus Dei

A

Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us

Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world, have mercy on us

Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world, grant us peace

GCSE RS (17 decks)

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