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GCSE RS > Judaism Practices RS GCSE > Flashcards

Judaism Practices RS GCSE Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a synagogue

A

a building of Jewish public prayer, study and gathering

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2
Q

What are the three alternate names for a synagogue

A

beit knesset (House of assembly)
beit tefillah (House of prayer)
Shul (School)

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3
Q

What shape are most synagogues

A

rectangular, but they can be any shape and size

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4
Q

What are two common symbols to mark the outside of a synagogue

A

menorah, star of david

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5
Q

Why are there no images of humans or animals in synagogues

A

the 2nd commandment forbids making and worshipping idols of humans or animals

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6
Q

Why do some Reform Jews call synagogues ‘Temples’

A

because they consider the synagogue as a replacement for the Temple of Jerusalem

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7
Q

Why is the synagogue important for Jews

A

it is the centre of the Jewish religious community

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8
Q

WHat is the Hebrew name for a house of study

A

beit midrash

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9
Q

What are some things that happen inside the synagogue (6)

A
  • classes related to learning Hebrew or about the Jewish faith
  • libraries for adults to improve their knowledge
  • social halls, like a town hall, for events and gatherings, religious and non-religious
  • festivals and rites of passage e.g. Bar Mitzvahs
  • venue for collecting money or other items to be distributed to the needy
  • clubs for the public
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10
Q

How is the prayer hall in a synagogue designed

A

seats on three sides facing the bimah
- fourth wall has the Aron Hakodesh
- has a seat for the rabbi and a pulpit from where sermons are delivered

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11
Q

Why is the Aron Hakodesh regarded the holiest place in the synagogue (2)

A
  • it is where the Torah scrolls are kept
  • represents the original ark of the covenant
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12
Q

Why do Jews believe the original ark was created
- Where was this eventually taken

A

to hold the stone tablets which contained the 10 commandments
- taken to Jerusalem and placed in the temple

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13
Q

Which wall of the synagogue is the Aron Hakodesh set into
- Which wall is this for British synagogues

A

wall facing Jerusalem
- Eastern Wall

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14
Q

Why is the Aron Hakodesh usually reached by climbing up steps

A

as a reminder that God is above his people and the sacred Torah is above humanity

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15
Q

When is the Aron Hakodesh opened
- what is done to it the remainder of the time

A

during special prayers and when removing the Torah to read during services
- covered with a curtain known as the Parochet

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16
Q

Where is the Ner Tamid placed in a synagogue

A

in front of, and slightly above the Aron Hakodesh

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17
Q

Why is the Ner Tamid never put out
- What is it a reminder of

A

because it symbolises God’s eternal presence
- the menorah lit every night in the Temple of Jerusalem

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18
Q

When is the Bimah used

A

used when reading from the Torah and often by the person leading services

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19
Q

What are the two main groups of Jews in Britain today

A

Orthodox and Reform Jews

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20
Q

What is Reform Judaism an example of

A

Progressive Judaism

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21
Q

How often are Jews expected to pray

A

three times a day

22
Q

In Orthodox synagogues,
- seating
- what way is the leader facing
- language
- singing
- head coverings

A
  • men and women are seated separately
  • facing the Ark - same way as the congregation
  • Hebrew
  • unaccompanied
  • all men cover their heads when in the synagogue, married women cover their heads too
23
Q

Why do Orthodox men and women sit separately in the synagogue

A

avoids distractions or sexual thoughts and enables the focus to be on the prayers and coming close to God

24
Q

Why do Jews cover their heads when in the synagogue (2)

A
  • sign of respect and fear for God
  • shows that the worshipper recognises God is above humankind
25
Q

In Reform Synagogues
- how often are services
- is the leader male or female
- what way do they face
- length of services
- language
- singing
- head coverings

A
  • not daily, but instead for celebrating Shabbat and festivals
  • male or female
  • towards the congregation
  • shorter than Orthodox, but more rigidly structured
  • Hebrew and the country’s language
  • may be accompanied
  • most men and some women wear kippahs or hats
26
Q

When is the tallit worn

A

during morning prayers

27
Q

When is the tefillin worn

A

on weekdays

28
Q

What is a tefillin

A

a small leather box containing extracts from the Torah, strapped to the wearer’s arm and forehead for morning prayers

29
Q

Why is prayer extremely important to Jews

A

they believe that it builds the relationship between God and humankind

30
Q

Where are daily prayers taken from

A

siddur

31
Q

What is the Shema
- What does it begin with
- what is it accompanied with

A

Jewish statement of belief
- Hear O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One
- blessings said before and after

32
Q

How many prayers are in the Amidah
- What are each of them about

A
  • 19
  • first three praise God
  • Middle thirteen blessings are prayers of petition and intercession: six personal requests, six requests for the community, one request that God accept the prayers
  • Final three thank God for the opportunity to serve him and pray for peace, goodness, kindness and compassion
33
Q

What is the closing Aleinu prayer

A

prayer recited at the end of each of the three daily services and gives praise and thanks to God

34
Q

Why do Jews believe prayer is important

A
  • vital for communicating with God
  • enables them to focus their heart, mid and soul on God
  • helps them find new insights into their relationship with God
  • helps them to remember what their faith is all about
  • strengthens the sense of Jewish community
35
Q

What time does Shabbat start and End

A

just before sunset each friday until one hour after sunset on Saturday

36
Q

What sort of things are not allowed to be done on Shabbat

A

eat, clean, drive

37
Q

Why is Shabbat celebrated

A

as a reminder of the covenant between God and the Jewish people
- to rejoice that God has kept his promises

38
Q

Where does the idea of Shabbat come from

A

the Genesis story that God created everything in 6 days and rested on the 7th

39
Q

What happens in the Friday service, just before Shabbat

A

the prayer leader takes a cup of wine and recites a blessing (kiddush) thanking God for having given Shabbat to the Jewish people

40
Q

What happens on the Saturday Shabbat service

A

prayers, blessings, a reading from the Torah and often a sermon. the Torah reading is split into sections so that all five books of Moses are completed in a year

41
Q

What does the congregation do when the Ark is opened
- Why

A

They stand
- as a reminder of how the Israelites stood at the bottom of Mount Sinai when Moses received the 10 commandments

42
Q

What happens to the Torah on Saturday services in the synagogue

A

the ark is opened, the Torah is taken and the congregation chants Numbers 10:35. the Torah is taken and covered in various ornaments such as a breastplate or crown
It is held in front of the congregation while verses from the scripture are chanted.
it is then paraded around the synagogue

43
Q

Why is the Torah paraded around the synagogue

A
  • represents the march through the wilderness when the Jews carried the Holy Ark from Mount Sinai to Jerusalem
  • gives the congregation an opportunity to be close to the Torah
44
Q

What is the sidra
- What happens after this is read on Shabbat

A

the reading for the day
- the Torah is paraded around the synagogue
- the rabbi or a speaker gives a sermon

45
Q

What is the main part of the Friday night meal before Shabbat

A
  • lighting the candle
  • the meal is eaten
  • head of house breaks challah and distributed
46
Q

What two things are always consumed on the Friday meal before Shabbat

A
  • wine / grape juice
  • challah bread
47
Q

What marks the end of Shabbat
- at what point is this performed

A

the Havdalah service
- when three stars can be seen in the night

48
Q

How often are prayers said by Jews

A

three times a day

49
Q

What does the tenakh consist of
- how many books

A

24 books
- Torah - 5 books
- Neviim - 8 books
- Ketuvim - 11 books

50
Q

Who wrote down the Mishnah
- When

A

Rabbi Judah Ha’Nasi
- 200 CE

51
Q
A

GCSE RS (17 decks)

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