Reading Week 1 - World Health Organization Flashcards
What is WHO’s explanation of health promotion?
- Work to enhance people’s wellbeing and reduce their health risks
What health risks does WHO aim to reduce with health promotion?
- Tobacco Use
- Alcohol Consumption
- Physical Inactivity
When did the Ottawa Charter occur?
- 1986
What happened in 1986?
- 1st International Conference on Health Promotion, Ottawa
What was the Ottawa Charter for?
Charter for:
- Action to achieve Health for All by 2000
What was the Ottawa Charter primarily a response to?
- Growing expectations for a new public health movement around the world
What region did the Ottawa Charter focus on?
- Industrialized countries
What progress did the Ottawa Charter build on?
- Declaration of Primary Health Care at Alma-Ata
- WHO Target for Health for All Document
- World Health Assembly on Intersectoral action for health
What does health promotion enable people to do?
- Increase control over, and improve health
What must an individual or group do in order to reach a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being?
- Able to identify and realize aspirations
- Satisfy Needs
- Change or cope with the environment
What is health seen as in the Ottawa Charter?
- As a resource for everyday life
What is health not seen as in the Ottawa Charter?
- An Object of Living
Describe how the Ottawa Charter views health as a positive concept
- emphasizing social and personal resources
- As well as physical capacities
Who is health promotion the responsibility of?
- Not just the health sector
- Goes beyond healthy life-style to well-being
What are the prerequisites for health?
- Peace
- Shelter
- Education
- Food
- Income
- A Stable Eco-system
- Sustainable Resources
- Social Justice, and Equity
What do improvements in health require?
- A secure foundation in these basic prerequisites
What is good health a major resource for?
- Social Development
- Economic Development
- Personal Development
- Quality of Life
What factors can all favour health or be harmful to it?
- Political
- Economic
- Social
- Cultural
- Environmental
- Behavioural
- Biological
What does health promotion action aim at?
- Making conditions favourable through advocacy for health.
What are the WHO’s three main goals of health promotion?
- Advocate
- Enable
- Mediate
What does health promotion focus on?
- Achieving equity in health
What does health promotion action aim at?
- Reducing differences in current health status
- ensuring equal opportunities and resources to enable all people to achieve their fullest health potential.
What does enabling good health include?
Secure foundation in:
- supportive environment
- access to information
- life skills
- opportunities for making healthy choices
When can people not achieve their fullest health potential?
- When they are unable to take control of things which determine their health
What must health promotion enablement be?
- Equally applied to women and men
What cannot be ensured by the health sector alone?
- Prerequisites and prospects for health
What does health promotion demand?
Coordinated Action by:
- governments
- health and other social and economic sectors
- nongovernmental and voluntary organization
- Local authorities
- Industry
- Media
Who has a major responsibility to mediate between differing interests in society for the pursuit of health?
- Professional and social groups
- Health personnel
How should health promotion strategies and programmes be adapted?
- To local needs and possibilities of individual countries and regions
What should health promotion strategies and programmes take into account?
- Different social, cultural, and economic systems.
What does Health Promotion Action Means?
- Build Healthy Public Policy
- Create Supportive Environment
- Strengthen Community Action
- Develop Personal Skills
- Reorient Health Services
How does health promotion help build healthy public policy?
- Puts health on the agenda of policy makers in all sectors and at all levels.
What does health on the agenda of policy makers direct them to do?
- Be aware of the health consequences of their decisions
- Accept their responsibilities for health
What does health promotion policy combine?
- Diverse but complementary approaches including legislation, fiscal measures, taxation, and organizational change
What leads to health, income, and social policies that foster greater equity?
- Coordinated ACtion
What does joint action contribute to?
- Ensuring safer and healthier goods and services
- Healthier public services
- Cleaner environments
What does health promotion policy require?
- Identification of obstacles to the adoption of healthy public policies in non-health sectors
- Ways of removing them
What is the aim of health promotion for public policy?
- Make healthier choice the easier choice for policy makers as well
What link constitutes the basis for a socioecological approach to health?
- People and Their Environment
What is reciprocal maintenance?
- To take care of each other, our communities and our natural environment
What should be emphasized as a global responsibility?
- Conservation of natural resources throughout the world
What changes have a significant impact on health?
- patterns of life, work, and leisure
What should be a source of health for people?
- work and leisure
What does health promotion generate for living and working conditions?
- Safe
- Stimulating
- Satisfying
- Enjoyable
What is essential for health promotion action to ensure positive benefits to the health of the public?
- Systematic assessment of the health impact of a rapidly changing environment
- In areas of:
- Technology
- Work
- Energy Production
- Urbanization
What must be addressed in any health promotion strategy?
- protection of the natural and built environments
- Conservation of natural resources
How does concrete and effective community action in health promotion achieve better health?
- Setting priorities
- making decision
- Planning strategies
- Implementing them
What does the empowerment of communities mean?
- Their ownership and control of their own endeavours and destines
What is health promotion’s role in community development?
- Draws on existing human and material resources in the community to enhance self-help and social support
- To Develop flexible systems for strengthening public participation in and direction of health matters
What does health promotion for community development require?
- Full and continuous access to information, learning opportunities for health, as well as funding support.
How does health promotion support personal and social development?
- Providing information
- Education for health
- Enhancing life skills
When health promotion supports personal and social development, what does it do?
Increases
- options available to people
- control over health/environment
- choices conductive to health
What does health promotion enable people to do regarding personal skill development?
- learn
- prepare for all stages
- cope with chronic illness and injuries
Where does health promotion need to be facilitated for personal skill development?
- school
- home
- work
- community settings
Where is action required regarding health promotion for personal skill development?
- institutions
What is the responsibility for health promotion in health service?
- shared among individuals, community groups, health professionals, health service institutions, and governments.
What is the role of the health sector in health promotion?
- move in a health promotion direction
What do health services need to do for health promotion?
- embrace and expand mandates which is sensitive and respectful to cultural needs
What does the reorientation of health services require?
- Stronger attention to health research as well as changes in professional education and training.
What did the participants in the conference pledge?
- Move into the arena of healthy public policy
- Advocate a clear political commitment to health and equity in all sectors
What are the five key action areas in Health Promotion?
- Build healthy public policy
- Create supportive environments for health
- Strengthen community action for health
- Develop personal skills
- Re-orient health services
What are the three basic health promotion strategies?
- Enable
- Mediate
- Advocate
What does the outside circle of the main graphic element of the Health Promotion Logo represent?
- Building healthy public policies
What does the outer ring that represents building healthy public policies encircling the three wings symbolize?
- all five key action areas addressed in an integrated manner
- public policies hold things together
What does the round spot in the middle of the circle stand for?
- 3 basic strategies for health promotion
What do the three wings of the WHO emblem represent?
- Five key action areas for health promotion identified by Ottawa Charter 1986
What does the upper wing that is breaking the circle represent?
- action is needed to strengthen community action and to develop personal skills
What does the upper wing do to symbolise that society and communities as well as individuals are constantly changing and, therefore, policy sphere has to constantly react and develop to reflect these changes?
- It breaks the circle
What does the middle wing on the right side represent?
- Action is needed to create supportive environments for health
What does the bottom wing represent?
- that action is needed to reorient health services towards preventing disease and promotion health
How might the WHO logo change?
- Modified based on host countries culture and atmosphere
