Radiology, Nutrition and Genetics Flashcards
two main USS techniques
- transabdominal (full bladder)
2. transvaginal (empty bladder)
what is a hysterosalpingography?
XR procedure to assess tubal patency
when are trisomy 13, 18 and 21 screened for?
8 weeks gestation
how accurate is NIPT?
> 90% as DNA comes from the placenta so not 100%
multiple samples taken
abortion after 24 weeks
KCl for cardiac death of teh foetus
what is anticipation?
generations affected earlier and earlier
what is a compound heterozygote?
2 mutations in the same gene that are different
screening programme for breast cancer
national screening 3 yearly from 50-70
moderate risk annual 40-50
high risk from 30
testing criteria for BRCA1 and 2 genes
epithelial ovarian cancer
breast cancer <45
bilateral breast cancer both <60
triple negative breast cancer
chromosomes of BRCA1 and 2 genes
17
13
what is folic acid important for?
DNA
RNA
amino acid synthesis
dosing of folic acid
400mg 3 months pre-conception til 13th week pregnancy (5mg indicated if complication)
when should you take vitamin D?
when pregnant and breast feeding
what does low vitamin D risk in pregnancy?
osteomalacia pre-eclampsia GDM C/S SGA hypocalcaemia asthma Ricket's
3 food risks in pregnancy?
listeriosis
salmonella
toxoplasmosis
where does listeriosis come from?
pasterusied milk cheese pate undercooked food farm animal
where does toxoplasmosis come from?
parasite that comes from handling food (wash hands), raw meats, soil, cat feaces and unpasteurised milk
other foods to avoid in pregnancy
tuna (mercury)
liver (vitamin A)
vitamin supplements (vitamin A)
fish oil supplements
management of obesity in pregnancy
counselling, folic acid, vit D, low dose aspirin, OGTT 24-28 weeks, USS growth 28 weeks, anaesthetic review 34 weeks, ranitidine regularly and equipment needed. Post-partum monitor for sleep apnoea, VTE prophylaxis and weight loss.
