Radiology, Nutrition and Genetics

Question 1

two main USS techniques

Answer 1

1. transabdominal (full bladder)

2. transvaginal (empty bladder)

Question 2

what is a hysterosalpingography?

Answer 2

XR procedure to assess tubal patency

Question 3

when are trisomy 13, 18 and 21 screened for?

Answer 3

8 weeks gestation

Question 4

how accurate is NIPT?

Answer 4

> 90% as DNA comes from the placenta so not 100%

multiple samples taken

Question 5

abortion after 24 weeks

Answer 5

KCl for cardiac death of teh foetus

Question 6

what is anticipation?

Answer 6

generations affected earlier and earlier

Question 7

what is a compound heterozygote?

Answer 7

2 mutations in the same gene that are different

Question 8

screening programme for breast cancer

Answer 8

national screening 3 yearly from 50-70
moderate risk annual 40-50
high risk from 30

Question 9

testing criteria for BRCA1 and 2 genes

Answer 9

epithelial ovarian cancer
breast cancer <45
bilateral breast cancer both <60
triple negative breast cancer

Question 10

chromosomes of BRCA1 and 2 genes

Answer 10

17

13

Question 11

what is folic acid important for?

Answer 11

DNA
RNA
amino acid synthesis

Question 12

dosing of folic acid

Answer 12

400mg 3 months pre-conception til 13th week pregnancy (5mg indicated if complication)

Question 13

when should you take vitamin D?

Answer 13

when pregnant and breast feeding

Question 14

what does low vitamin D risk in pregnancy?

Answer 14

osteomalacia
pre-eclampsia
GDM
C/S
SGA
hypocalcaemia
asthma
Ricket's

Question 15

3 food risks in pregnancy?

Answer 15

listeriosis
salmonella
toxoplasmosis

Question 16

where does listeriosis come from?

Answer 16

pasterusied milk
cheese
pate
undercooked food
farm animal

Question 17

where does toxoplasmosis come from?

Answer 17

parasite that comes from handling food (wash hands), raw meats, soil, cat feaces and unpasteurised milk

Question 18

other foods to avoid in pregnancy

Answer 18

tuna (mercury)
liver (vitamin A)
vitamin supplements (vitamin A)
fish oil supplements

Question 19

management of obesity in pregnancy

Answer 19

counselling, folic acid, vit D, low dose aspirin, OGTT 24-28 weeks, USS growth 28 weeks, anaesthetic review 34 weeks, ranitidine regularly and equipment needed. Post-partum monitor for sleep apnoea, VTE prophylaxis and weight loss.