Pregnancy and Miscarriage Flashcards
presentation of pregnancy
amenorrhoea
hyperemesis
bleeding
diagnosis of pregnancy?
pregnancy test (beta-hCG in urine or serum)
what can cause bleeding in early pregnancy?
implantation bleed (10 days) sub-chorionic haematoma infection malignancy polyp PR haematuria
when can torsion of existing ovarian cyst happen in pregnancy?
end of first trimester when the uterus climbs out of the pelvis into the abdomen > N&V + mass
define a miscarriage?
loss of early pregnancy (<24 weeks)
causes of a miscarriage
abnormal embryo immune (APLS) stress infection iatrogenic smoking drugs alcohol diabetes
presentation of miscarriage
+ve pregnancy test
bleeding
period-like cramps
passed products (risks cervical shock)
presentation of cervical shock
N&V
sweating
fainting
diagnosis of miscarriage
TVUS
speculum
TVUS of miscarriage
no obvious yolk sac with gestation sac >25mm and lack of cardiac activity
management of miscarriage
expectant
medical
surgery
medical management of miscarriage
mifepristone and misoprostol
surgical management of miscarriage
<14 weeks MVA
>14 weeks dilation and curettage
threatened miscarriage
showing signs she might miscarry e.g. bleeding
inevitable miscarriage
open cervical os, can come after threatened or without warning
