Anatomy Flashcards
which organs are in the pelvic cavity?
ovaries
fallopian tubes
uterus
superior part of the vagina
what organs are in the perineum?
inferior vagina perineal muscles Bartholin's glands clitoris labia
what is the peritoneum?
serous membrane that secretes peritoneal fluid and drapes over the rectum, uterus and bladder
what pouches does the peritoneum form?
Female= vesico-uterine and recto-uterine pouches male= recto-vesico
what is the broad ligament made of?
double layer of peritoneum
where does the broad ligament lie?
extends from the uterus to the floor of the pelvis to keep the uterus in the midline
what is the round ligament?
embryological remanent of the gubernaculum (helps the ovaries descend)
where does the female anatomy come from?
Mullerian duct
three layers of the uterus
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
two parts of the endometrium
stratum functionalis
stratum basalis
where does fertilisation occur?
within the fallopian tubes
where does implantation occur?
uterus
what do the uterine tubes have a risk of?
the fimbrated ends open into the pelvic cavity which risks PID spread and ectopic pregnancy
what makes up the levator ani?
iliococcygeus
pubococcygeus
puborectalis
what supplies levator ani?
nerve to levator ani from pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)
where does the breast extend?
ribs 2-6 from lateral border of the sternum to the mid-axillary line
what is the hip bone made up of?
ilium
ischium
pubis
meet at the acetabulum
differences in the female pevlis
wider diameter
wider suprapubic angle
shallow pelvic cavity
what is the station?
distance of the foetal head from the ischial spines
+ve it is inferior
where does blood supply to the ovaries come from?
gonadal arteries that leave the abdominal aorta at L2
two important spinal levels in pain?
T11- L2 for those that touch the peritoneum
S2-4 from perineum
what does the needle pass through in caudal equina anaesthetic?
supraspinous ligament interspinous ligament ligamentum flavum epidural space (fat and veins) dura mater arachnoid mater
signs the anaesthetic is working?
lower limb look flushed
warm
reduced sweating
risk in anaesthetic
hypotension due to vasodilation
