Ovarian Cancer and Cysts Flashcards
what can ovarian cancer arise from?
any of the 3 cell types
- sex-cord stroma
germ cells
epithelium
most common ovarian cancer
epithelial
what is a benign teratoma
dermoid cyst
presentation of ovarian cancer
mass
pressure symptoms
abnormal bleeding
pain bloating, early satiety (IBS overlap)
tumour makers
Ca125 CEA AFP (embryonal) HCG (choriocarcinoma) LDH (dysgerminoma)
B features of USS
fluid-filled, unilocular, no blood flow
M features of USS
irregular solid areas, associated ascites, papillary projections, irregular areas and increased blood flow.
diagnosis of ovarian cancer
MRI if premenopause
CT if postmenopause
RMI
Ca125 x USS x menopause score
what is Meig’s syndrome?
benign ovarian tumour + ascites + pleural effusion
common mets to the ovary
breast
pancreas
stomach
GI track (Kruckenberg tumour= signet ring sign)
lymphatic spread of ovarian cancer
para-aortic
types of ovarian cysts
follicular luteal endometriotic epithelial mesothelial
cysts accidents
rupture
torsion
haeorrhage
management of benign ovarian masses
GnRH agonists
OCP
surgery
what is endometriosis?
presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine body
common on ovaries and peritoneum
presentation of endometriosis
pain during or after sex painful periods/ cyclical pain tenderness chocolate cysts rupture can present as acute abdomen
diagnosis of endometriosis
TVUS
diagnostic laparoscopy
MRI
management of endometriosis
analgesia OCP danazol GnRH surgery
