Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Renal > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

causes of renal colic

A

calculi
pyelonephritis
gynaecological disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are calculi made of?

A

most are calcium dense

some are urate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

imaging for calculi

A

KUB XR

non-contrast enhanced CT (CT stone search)= GOLD standard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what extra does non-contrast enhanced CT show in calculi diagnosis?

A

signs of obstruction e.g. perinephric stranding and hydroureteronephrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does non-contrast enhanced CT struggle to differentiate?

A

calculi and phleboliths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when should CT be avoided?

A

pregnancy

non-pregnant young females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

management of calculi

A

IM diclofenac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

causes of macroscopic haematuria

A 
calculi
infection
tumour
urethritis/prostatitis
trauma
clotting disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

investigations of macroscopic haematuria in over 50

A 
CT urography (CTU)= upper tracts
cystoscopy= lower tracts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe CT urography

A

first scan without contrast then administer IV which is excreted by the kidneys over 15 minutes

detects renal parenchymal and urothelial tumours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe cystoscopy

A

bladder and urethra

option for ureteroscopy and ablate tumours in patients unfit for nephrourecterectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is different in investigation of macroscopic haematuria in under 50

A

incidence of tumours low in this age group so CT radiation dose unjustified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

investigations for macroscopic haematuria for under 50

A

US
cystoscopy
CTU (only if other tests normal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does MR urography not require?

A

contrast and does not use radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when is MR urography useful in macroscopic haemturia?

A

contrast allergy
renal impairment
pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

phases of using CT with contrast

A
  • pre-contrast= best to depict calculi
  • corticomedullary= cortex 25-70seconds
  • nephrogenic= 80-180 seconds medulla
  • excretory= 5-15 minutes collecting system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

risk when using CT with contrast?

A

CT-contrast induced nephropathy within 3 days in absence of alternative aetiology

18
Q

risk factors for CT-contrast induced nephropathy

A 
renal impairment (DM)
dehydration
CHF
LV ejection fraction <40%
acute MI (within 24 hours)
nephrotoxic drugs
19
Q

how to reduce risk of CT-contrast nephropathy

A
  • eGFR >60
  • hydration protocols (saline NaHCO3 before and after scan)
  • check renal function before
20
Q

imaging in pre-renal

A

MR angiography for RAS

21
Q

imaging in renal

A

US to guide biopsy

22
Q

imaging in post-renal

A

US to exclude hydronephrosis (may require CT)

23
Q

imaging for painful scrotum?

A

USS

24
Q

Epididymo-orchitis presentation on USS

A

hypervascular

25
Q

testicular torsion appearance on USS

A

avascular

26
Q

scrotal swelling imaging

A

USS (if prostate cancer can use MRI)

27
Q

what is used to assess fertility (tubal patency) and uterine anomalies?

A

hysterosalpingogram

28
Q

imaging for urinary tract trauma

A

CT

USS

29
Q

diagnosis of bladder rupture

A

cystography or CT cystography

30
Q

types of bladder rupture

A

extraperitoneal (conservative)

intraperitoneal (surgery)

31
Q

causes of urethral disruption

A

anterior pelvic fracture /dislocation

straddle injury

32
Q

when do you not attempt catheterisation?

A

suspicion of urethral disruption

33
Q

presentation of urethral disruption

A

meatal bleeding

can’t pass urine

34
Q

what is used to assess stricture formation in urethral trauma?

A

urethrography

35
Q

non-vascular interventional radiology

A

nephrostomy- catheter and stent
drainage
biopsy
guided ablation of tumours (RFA, cryoablation)

36
Q

vascular interventional radiology

A

embolisation

stenting

37
Q

risk in kidneys when using MRI

A

nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

38
Q

cause of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

A

exposure to gadolinium contrast in MRI

39
Q

presentation of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis

A 
skin erythema
pruritis
pain
joint contractures, respiratory insufficiency and muscular atrophy
skin thickens and appears wood-like
40
Q

what increases risk of nephrogenic fibrosis?

A

renal impairment

Renal (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions