Prostate Cancer Flashcards
1
Q
who is this most common in?
A
black men
aged 70-74
FH
cadmium batteries
2
Q
most common type
A
adenocarcinomas
3
Q
metastatic sites
A
pelvic lymph nodes
bone
4
Q
presentation
A
most asymptomatic
haematuria/ haematospermia
bone pain, anorexia, weight loss
5
Q
diagnosis
A
DRE (peripheral zone cancers)
PSA
TRUS biopsy
bone scan, MRI, CT
6
Q
causes of raised PSA
A
cancer BPH prostatitis UTI retention catheterisation DRE/PR large prostate bike rider
7
Q
what MUST be done before PSA?
A
counselling
8
Q
why do bad prognosis cancers not release PSA usually?
A
do not resemble cell of origin so do not release PSA
9
Q
when is TRUS biopsy indicated?
A
abnormal DRE
elevated PSA
10
Q
risks in TRUS biopsy
A
bleeding
sepsis
vaso-vagal fainting
11
Q
grading of prostate cancer
A
Gleason score
12
Q
staging of prostate cancer
A
TNM
13
Q
TNM of organ-confined disease
A
T1-2, NO, MO
14
Q
locally advanced TNM
A
T3-4, NO, MO
15
Q
metastatic TNM
A
N+, M+
