Histology

Question 1

functions of the kidney and urinary tract

Answer 1

water and electrolyte homeostasis
acid-base balance
excrete toxins (urea, creatinine)
endocrine gland (erythropoietin and renin)

Question 2

what covers the kidney

Answer 2

strong fibrous capsule of collagen

Question 3

role of renal corpuscle

Answer 3

production and collection of glomerular filtrate

Question 4

role of PCT

Answer 4

reabsorption of water, protein, amino acids, carbs and glucose

Question 5

role of loop of Henle

Answer 5

hyperosmotic environment in medulla

Question 6

DCT role

Answer 6

acid-base balance

water balance

Question 7

lining of Bowman’s capsule

Answer 7

simple squamous

Question 8

what are the two cell layers that separate the glomerular filtrate and blood?

Answer 8

1. endothelium (fenestrated)
2. podocytes
   between is the glomerular basement membrane

Question 9

what is the mesangium

Answer 9

connective tissue core of the renal corpuscle that supports and removes debris

Question 10

lining of the thick limbs of loop of Henle

Answer 10

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 11

lining of thin limbs of loop of Henle

Answer 11

simple squamous epithelium

Question 12

define the vasa recta

Answer 12

blood vessels that dip down into the medulla to provide nutrients and remove waste

Question 13

what is DCT reabsorption of Na+ controlled by?

Answer 13

aldosterone

Question 14

are collecting ducts part of the nephron?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

role of the collecting ducts

Answer 15

reabsorb water by ADH (high ADH produces concentrated urine)

Question 16

what is the urinary tract lined with?

Answer 16

transitional stratified epithelium (urothelium)

Question 17

layers of the urinary tract lining

Answer 17

urothelium (umbrella cells)
variable thickness membrane
lamina propria (connective tissue and smooth muscle- detrusor muscle)

Question 18

lining of the female urethra

Answer 18

3-5cm

transitional to stratified squamous

Question 19

divisions of male urethra

Answer 19

prostatic 3-4cm
membranous 1cm
penile 15cm

Question 20

lining of prostatic urethra

Answer 20

transitional epithelium

Question 21

lining of membranous urethra

Answer 21

stratified columnar

Question 22

lining of penile urethra

Answer 22

stratified squamous