RAD 1 Flashcards
Facial nerve function, what muscles involved and the 3 branches
Facial - motor facial expression muscles + caudal belly of digastricus (muscle of mastication)
- Orbicularis oris, orbicularis oculi, platysma, frontalis
3 main branches
1) Auriculopalpebral -> rostral auricular and palpebral
2) Dorsal buccal branch
3) Ventral buccal branch
Trigeminal function, 3 branches and where they run
Trigeminal - somatic sensory to the face, teeth roots, motor to muscles of mastication
1) Ophthalmic -> eyes
2) Maxillary -> through infraorbital canal -> superior alveolar nerve -> maxillary teeth sensory
3) Mandibular -> gives off lingual nerve (sensory to cheek) + through mandibular foramen -> inferior alveolar nerve (mandibular teeth) -> mental foramen -> mental nerves (lips)
- Temporal, masseter, rostral belly of digastricus, pterygoid
Tongue innervation Rostral 2/3rds sensory somatic taste Caudal 1/3rd Sensory and taste Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles
Rostral 2/3rds of the tongue Sensory somatic - Trigeminal Taste - Facial Caudal 1/3rd of the tongue Sensory and taste -> glossopharyngeal Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles Hypoglossal except mylohyoideus (innervated by mandibular branch of trigeminal)
List the 4 muscles of facial expression and 5 muscles of mastication
Muscles of facial expression 1) platysma muscle 2) Orbicularis oris muscle 3) Orbicularis oculi muscle 4) Frontalis muscle Muscles of mastication 1) temporal muscle 2) masseter muscle 3) Buccinator muscle 4) digastricus muscle 5) pterygoid muscle
What are the 5 main branches off the external carotid artery
1) Internal carotid
2) occipital
3) lingual
4) facial
5) maxillary
What is the main vein draining the head, the 2 veins that branch off and the veins within
External jugular veins
1) Linguofacial vein
- Fascial vein
- Lingual vein
2) Maxillary vein
- ophthalmic plexus
What are the 12 cranial nerves
I) Olfactory II) Optic III) Oculomotor IV) Trochlea V) Trigeminal -> 3 branches -> 1. Ophthalmic 2. Maxillary 3. Mandibular VI) Abducens VII) Facial VIII) Vestibulocochlear IX) Glossopharyngeal X) Vagus XI) Accessory XII) Hypoglossal
CNI name, function, where exit from skull and brain
Olfactory nerve
Function - olfaction, pheromone reception - via vomeronasal nerves
STAYS WITHIN SKULL - cribriform plate
Forebrain - telencephalon
CNII name, function, where exit skull and brain
Optic nerve
Vision
Optic foramen
Forebrain - diencephalon
CNIII name, function, where exit skull and brain
Oculomotor Ocular movement 1. ventral, medial and dorsal recti, venral oblique, levator palpebrae muscles 2. parasymapthetic control of the iris Pupillary light reflex Orbital fissure Midbrain - mesencephalon
CNIV name, function, where exit skull and brain
Trochlear nerve
ocular movement through dorsal oblique (inward eye rotation)
Orbital fissure
Midbrain - mesencephalon
CNV name, function, where exit skull and brain
Trigeminal nerve Sensory to skin of face and mucous membranes of hear, motor to muscles of mastication 1) opthalmic - orbital fissure 2) maxillary - round foramen 3) mandibular - oval foramen Hindbrain - myelencephalon
CNVI name, function, where exit skull and brain
Abducens nerve
Ocular movement through lateral rectus and recrator bulbi
Orbital fissure
Hindbrain - myelencephalon
CNVII name, function, where exit skull and brain
Facila nerve
Taste on rostral 2/3 of tongue, Motor muscles of facial expression, Parasympathetic to mandibular, sublingual, palatine, nasal and lacrimal gland
1. internal acoustic meatus 2. facial canal 3. stylomastoid foramen
Hindbrain - myelencephalon
CNVIII name, function, where exit skull and brain
Vesibulocochlear nerve
Balance and hearing
STAYS WITHIN THE SKULL - to petrous temporal bone through internal acoustic meatus
Hindbrain - myelencephalon
CNIX name, function, where exit skull and brain
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Taste of the caudal 1/3 of tongue, Sensory to pharynx, carotid sinus, Motor to stylopharyngeus muscle, Parasympathetic to parotid and zygomatic salivary gland, Swallowing
Jugular foramen within tympano-occiptal fissure
Hindbrain - myelencephalon
CNX name, function, where exit skull and brain
Vagus nerve
Sensory to pharynx, larynx and viscera
Sensory to external ear canal, Taste on root of tongue and epiglottis, Parasympathetic to viscera, Motor to pharyngeal, laryngeal and oesophageal muscles
Jugular foramen within the tympano-occiptal fissure
Hindbrain - myelencephalon
CNXI name, function, where exit skull and brain
Accessory nerve
Motor to trapezius and brachiocephalicus muscles, Intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the m. cricothyroideus
Jugular foramen within the Tympano-occiptal fissure
External branch enters skull through foramen magnum
HINDBRAIN - myelencephalon
CNXII name, function, where exit skull and brain
Hypoglossal nerve
Motor to tongue muscles, Extrinsic tongue muscles -> styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus and geniohyoideus, Intrinsic tongue muscles
Hypoglossal canal
Hindbrain - myelencephalon
What are the 3 nerves that innervate the eye muscles and what muscles are involved
1) Oculomotor
○ Parasympathetic to the iris -> closes
○ Also moves the eye -> Ventral oblique, medial, ventral and dorsal rectus is controlled by oculomotor
- Capillary light reflex that responds to light - autonomic -> later lecture
2) Trochlear
- dorsal oblique - moves inwards
3) Abducens
- lateral rectus - moves outwards and retractor bulbi m.
What 3 muscles make up the femoral triangle
1) External abdominal oblique
2) sartorius
3) pectinus
What are the boundaries of the inguinal ring
Medial - rectus adbominimis
Cranial - internal abdominal oblique
Lateral - external abdominal oblique
Caudal - external abdominal oblique and inguinal ligament
What are the 4 things that move through the inguinal canal in the male
1) external pudendal artery and vein
2) genitofemoral nerve
3) spermatic cord - cremaster muscle, pampiniform plexus, ductus deferens
4) lymphactic duct
What moves through the vascular lacuna and what is it
Vascular lacuna -> femoral triangle
femoral artery and vein
Saphenous nerve
What is the muscle that works opposite to the retractor penis and where located
preputial muscle -> brings the penis forward
- extends from cranial to the umbilicus to just caudal to the preputial opening
What is the main blood vessel that moves around the ilium
deep circumflex iliac vessels
epiploic foramen what is it where located
Normal opening into the omental bursa and is a site for abnormal displacement of intestinal lops
- within greater omentum superficial and deep leaf
Deep inguinal ring what are the 3 main boarders
1) inguinal ligament
2) rectus abdominis
3) internal abdominal oblique
Inguinal ligament and pre-pubic tendon where originate and what border
Inguinal ligament -> caudal border of the external abdominal oblique which terminates on the iliopubic eminence and prepubic tendon
Prepubic tendon -> tendon of origin from the pectineus musclesand caudal to rectus abdominis
Superficial inguinal ring where located
slit in aponeurosis (fascia of external abdominal oblique)
What arteries does the cranial superficial epigastric vessels come from
1) aorta
2) subclavian artery
3) internal thoracic artery
4) cranial epigastric artery
5) cranial superficial epigastric
What are the 5 main arteries off the aorta from the subclavian artery
1) subclavian artery
2) coeliac artery
3) testicular (ovarian) artery
4) deep circumflex iliac artery
5) internal iliac artery
6) external iliac artery
What are the 2 main branches off the internal iliac artery
1) caudal gluteal artery
2) internal pudendal artery
- prostatic artery
What are the main branches off the external iliac artery
1) deep femoral artery
a. pudendoepigastric trunk
- caudal epigastric
- - external pudendal
- - caudal superficial epigastric
2) femoral artery
What are the 3 main branches of the coeliac artery
1) Hepatic artery
2) Left gastric artery
3) splenic artery
Ovarian vein where does the left and right vein drain to
Left ovarian vein -> drain into renal vein
Right ovarian vein -> drain into vena cava
what does the round ligament of the uterus attach to
vaginal process
What are the 4 main attachments of the epididymis and where attach from and to
- Proper ligament of the testis -> attaches the caudal pole of the testis to the tail of the epididymis
- Ligament of the tail of the epididymis -> anchors the tail of the epididymis to the wall of the scrotum
- Attaches to the scrotum - Mesorchium and mesepididymis
○ Mesepididymis -> attaches the testis to the body of the epididymis - Testicular bursa
What are the 3 epaxial muscle types, muscles within and where run from
1) Transversospinalis system - deepest most medial
- > splenius, biventer, complexus
2) longissimus - from ilium to skull
- > lumbar, thoracic, cervical, capital
3) Iliocostalis - most lateral, from ilium to 7th cervical vertebrae
- lumbar and thoracic
What are the 2 main hypaxial muscles
flex the spine
longus capitus
longus colli
