Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

DVM 2 - 2 > Nervous/Endocrine define > Flashcards

Nervous/Endocrine define Flashcards

1
Q

Dysraphia

A

= an abnormal seam
= a general term used for abnormalities arising from defective closure of the neural tube or its subsequent separation from overlying ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anencephaly

A

absence of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Prosencephalic agenesis

A

failure of neural tube closure rostrally -> absence of the forebrain (prosencephalon) and structures derived from it (e.g. cerebral hemispheres and eyes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

exencephaly

A

the meninges, dorsal skull bones, skeletal muscles and skin fail to develop over the missing forebrain, so that the undifferentiated neuroectodermal tissue lies exposed or protrudes from the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

meningocoele

A

dorsal midline defect in the skull through which protrude fluid-filled meninges sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

meningoencephalocoele

A

dorsal midline defect in the skull through which protrude brain within meninges sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

meningomyelocoele

A

dorsal protrusion of a skin-covered sac containing spinal cord within meninges through the defect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

spina bifida

A

any abnormality of dorsal vertebral arch formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

myelodysplasia

A

malformation of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

syringomyelia

A

a tubular fluid-filled cavity (syrinx) in the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hydromyelia

A

dilation of the central spinal canal with excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

arthrogryposis

A

crooked joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral deviation of the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

kyphosis

A

dorsal deviation of the vertebral column (hump-backed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lordosis

A

ventral deviation of the vertebral column

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

torticollis

A

twisting of the cervical vertebral column across its long axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Holoprosencephaly

A

a spectrum of forebrain (prosencephalon) malformations which typically include agenesis or severe hypoplasia of the olfactory bulbs and tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

cyclopia

A

there is a single large midline eye within a single orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

microencephaly

A

an abnormally small (hypoplastic) brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pachygyria

A

abnormally broad cerebrocortical gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

microgyria

A

abnormally small and numerous cerebrocortical gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

agyria/lissencephaly

A

lissencephaly = absence of cerebrocortical gyri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hydranencephaly

A

lysis of brain tissue and subsequent phagocytosis -> a variable degree of cavitation of the cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Porencephaly

A

s a less severe form of cerebral lysis than hydranencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hydroencephalus

A

accumulation of excess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the cranial cavity - common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cerebellar hypoplasia

A
  • incomplete development of the cerebellum is a common congenital (or early post-natal) malformation in domestic animals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

cerebellar abiotrophy

A

premature or accelerated atrophy of a normally formed cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Lysosomal Storage Disorders

A

lysosomal storage disorders (LSD) are conditions in which substrates derived from normal cell catabolism accumulate within lysosomes rather than being degraded by lysosomal enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

encephalomyelitis

A

inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

32
Q

ependymitis

A

inflammation of the ependyma

33
Q

choroiditis

A

inflammation of the choroid plexus of the ventricles

34
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

35
Q

leptomeningitis

A

inflammation of the leptomeninges

36
Q

pachymeningitis

A

inflammation of the pachymeninges

37
Q

Mydriasis

A

dilated pupil

38
Q

Anisocoria

A

uneven pupil size as seen with unilateral lesions

39
Q

enophthalmos

A

○ narrowing of the palpebral fissure due to loss of smooth muscle tone in the eyelids.

40
Q

Ptosis

A

rotrusion of the third eyelid - due to lack of smooth muscle tone causing its retraction

41
Q

Miosis

A

narrowing of the pupil due to failure of contraction of the pupillary dilator

42
Q

anhydrosis

A

lack of sweating in most animals

43
Q

nociception

A
  • refers to the system that carries signals of damage; it is the physiological event that accompanies pain
  • “Nociception is born in the dorsal horn, but we don’t call it pain till it reaches the brain”
44
Q

Allodynia

A

centralised pain sensation following a normal non-painful stimulus

45
Q

hyperalgesia

A

enhanced perception of pain

46
Q

cerebral concussion

A

a clinical condition characterised by (usually) temporary loss of consciousness and reflex activity following sudden head injury

47
Q

cerebral contusion

A

haemorrhage into the meninges and/or about superficial or deep cerebral blood vessels as a result of head trauma

48
Q

cerebral laceration

A

physical tearing of brain tissue due to trauma

49
Q

what is acute brain swelling (congestive brain swelling)

A

the swelling is due to increased blood volume within the blood vessels of the brain rather than the accumulation of extra-cellular or intra- cellular oedema fluid

50
Q

excitotoxicity

A

hypoxia results in decrease ATP in neurons -> release glutamate -> excess release results in increase calcium into neurons -> further destruction of metabolism ->activation of catabolic enzymes -> neuronal death

51
Q

stroke/ cerebrovascular accident

A

characterised by cerebral haemorrhage (from vascular tears) or infarction (focal ischaemic injury caused by vascular occlusion and reduced blood flow)

52
Q

paresis

A

deficit of motor function

53
Q

paraparesis

A

bilateral motor dysfunction of the pelvic limbs

54
Q

paraplegia

A

loss of motor function to the pelvic limb

55
Q

paralysis

A

complete loss of voluntary movement

56
Q

hyperaesthesia

A

increased sensitivity of the skin

57
Q

Nociception

A

perception of pain

58
Q

ataxia

A

lack of coordination

59
Q

mentation

A

degree of mental alertness

60
Q

analgesia

A

abscence of the sense of pain

61
Q

hypalgesia

A

decreased sense of pain

62
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

increase sense of pain

63
Q

nystagmus

A

when eyes move rapidly and uncontrollably

64
Q

epilepsy

A

symptomatic, reactive, primaru (idopathic)

65
Q

seizures

A

generalised - whole body affected

66
Q

Chemosis

A

oedema swelling of the conjunctiva

67
Q

hyphema

A

pooling of blood inside the anterior chamber of the eye

68
Q

plegia

A

paralysis or absence of motor function due to neurological damage

69
Q

paresis

A

weakness in muscle due to neurological damage

70
Q

caudal fossa

A

the region of the brain behind the tentorium

71
Q

Cranial fossa

A

the region of the brain in front of the tentorium

72
Q

Tetraparesis/tetraplegia

A
  • All four limbs weak or paralysed
73
Q

Hemiparesis/Hemiplegia

A
  • 2 limbs are weak or paralysed
74
Q

General anaesthesia

A

a state of unconsciousness , produced by drugs, with absence of pain sensation over the entire body

75
Q

Obtundation

A

depressed response to stimuli (intracranial disease

76
Q

Dysphoria

A

inappropriate reaction to surrounding environment which may include hyperexcitability, vocalising inappropriately

77
Q

Stupour

A

lack of response to all but noxious stimuli

DVM 2 - 2 (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions