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VETT 1110 Veterinary Diseases and Pathology > Rabies Lecture Review > Flashcards

Rabies Lecture Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is Rabies?

A

Zoonotic, viral disease of warm-blooded mammals that causes encephalitis and death

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2
Q

What are the most common clinical signs associated with rabies?

A

behavior changes, aggression, and progressive paralysis, DEATH

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3
Q

Is Rabies a Reportable disease?

A

YES!!!

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4
Q

How is rabies transmitted from one animal to another?

A

Saliva.
It is usually spread by bites, but can be spread contact of infected saliva with mucous membranes (eyes, mouth, etc).

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5
Q

True or False. Rabies virus can be passed in blood, urine and feces.

A

FALSE!

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6
Q

Choose one. Rabies is a(n) _____________ disease, because it is always present in the animal population.
a. endemic
b. pandemic
c. epidemic

A

a. endemic

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7
Q

What are some reservoirs of the rabies virus

A

Raccoons
Skunks
Foxes
Coyotes
Insectivorous Bats

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8
Q

What is the mode of transmission of rabies?

A
  1. Bites
  2. Non-bite Exposure (Scratches, Abrasions/Open Wounds, Mucous Membranes)
  3. Aerosolization of salivia into an open wound/mucous membrane (RARE)
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9
Q

the domestic animal in the US that is most often rabid

A

cats!! It can occur in very young kittens, so care should be exercised with strays!

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10
Q

List some domestic animals that can contract rabies

A

cats
dogs
Horses
Sheep
Goats
Cows

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11
Q

Is rabies zoonotic?

A

YEP!!!!!!!!!!

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12
Q

Are all mammals susceptible to rabies?

A

Most warm-blooded mammals are considered susceptible. However, there are some species that are considered more resistant, like opossums, rabbits and rodents.

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13
Q

What are the most common clinical signs associated with rabies?

A

Change in behavior
CNS signs
(history of Bite/scratch from wild animal)

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14
Q

What are the stages of rabies infection?

A
  1. Prodromal (1-3 days) - change in behavior/temperament
  2. Excitative or Furious Form (1-7 days)- Hypersensitivity to external stimuli, BITE EVERYTHING; VERY AGGRESSIVE, WANDER & ROAM; Voice changes

3.Paralytic or Dumb Form - Some animals go directly to this stage:
Appear in stupor
Ataxic or paralyzed in rear legs after paralysis of head & neck occurs
Shifting leg lameness that leads to paresis
Have dropped jaw; drool; change in vocal sounds; act like choking

  1. DEATH - Die due to paralysis of respiratory muscles; Occurs 2-7 days after clinical signs occur
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15
Q

How is rabies diagnosed in animals?

A

Post-mortem analysis of brain tissue;

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16
Q

Describe sample collection for rabies

A
  1. First, contact your state health department for sample submission.
  2. WEAR PROTECTION - PPE!!!
  3. Entire head is removed from body (Do not use power tools)
  4. Ship entire HEAD at refrigerated temperature
    DO NOT FREEZE OR PRESERVE HEAD
    DOUBLE BAG
    LEAK PROOF CONTAINER
    LABEL
17
Q

What is the appropriate treatment for rabies?

A

None! Prevention is key.

18
Q

What domestic animals can be vaccinated for rabies?

A

dogs, cats, ferrets, horses, cattle, sheep

19
Q

What age should Puppies, kittens and ferrets should be vaccinated for rabes

A

12 weeks!

20
Q

In small animal medicine, rabies is given routinely in what location

A

Right hindlimb

21
Q

True or False. An animal is considered rabies vaccinated immediately after his/her 1st innoculation.

A

FALSE. They are not considered vaccinated for 28 days after 1st inoculation.

22
Q

True or False. If an animals vaccination out of date, he/she is considered vaccinated at the time booster is administered.

A

True.

23
Q

Why do animal shelters typically impound strays for 3-5 days?

A

It is recommended as part of the rabies prevention program to impound strays to monitor for clinical signs of rabies.

24
Q

True or False. All counties in Georgia recognize either a 1 or a 3 year rabies vaccine as valid vaccination.

A

False. Some counties do not recognize a 3-year rabies vaccine as a valid or current vaccination. Each county is different. Some only recognize 1-year rabies vaccines.

25
Q

What is the first thing you should do if you are bitten by an animal?

A

The First Step is First Aid!!
Allow the bite wound to bleed, stopping only severe blood loss. Then immediately, wash the wound with water and a disinfectant for at least 30 minutes.
See a doctor for wound care +/- antibiotics.

26
Q

True or False. If you are bitten by an animal at high risk for rabies (skunk/fox/coyote/raccoon/bat) that is unavailable for testing, you should receive post-exposure rabies vaccine prophylaxis.

A

TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
TRUE
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

27
Q

Who should you call to ask questions about rabies exposure and/or post-exposure prophylaxis?

A

The local Public Health Department should be your first call. After that, please follow up with your primary care physician or the Emergency Room at your local hospital.

28
Q

You are working at a local veterinary hospital when you receive a bite from an unvaccinated patient experiencing neurologic disease. The patient is not deceased, so he is not available for immediate rabies testing. You have been vaccinated previously, but have not had your titer checked in 5 years. What should you do?

A
  1. Call the local health department
  2. You should ideally receive a rabies vaccine booster if the patient cannot be tested and is unvaccinated
    *** remember to have your rabies titer checked every 2 years!!
29
Q

You are working at a local veterinary hospital when you receive a bite from a cat while restraining for venipuncture. Prior to being restrained, the cat was purring and seemingly healthy. Is this an indication for post-exposure rabies prophylaxis?

A

Most likely not. If the animal is healthy but unvaccinated, he/she will need to be quarantined for 10-14 days and observed for clinical signs. However, always involve the local health department and/or your primary care physician.

30
Q

True/False. Even casual contact with a bat means possible rabies exposure

A

True

31
Q

Veterinary staff handling animals should have pre-exposure immunization and their rabies antibody titer checked every

A

2 years

32
Q

what is the protocol for rabies vaccinated dogs, cats and ferrets with a known rabies exposure

A

Re-vaccinate and keep under owner’s control for 45 days

33
Q

what is the protocol for unvaccinated dogs, cats and ferrets with a known exposure to a rabid animal

A

Immediately euthanize or
strict isolation for 6 months and vaccination 1 month before release

34
Q

can an animal in isolation for rabies be vaccinated against rabies?

A

NOPE!! The vaccine might cause a reaction that could be mistaken for clinical signs of rabies

35
Q

what is the protocol for a healthy dog, cat or ferret who bites a person

A

Confine and observe for 10-14 days.
DO NOT VACCINATE!
If signs occur during 10 day confinement, euthanize & submit head to local health dept.

36
Q

what is the protocol for potential rabies exposure in Unvaccinated livestock?

A

Can be eaten if slaughtered within 7 days of exposure

VETT 1110 Veterinary Diseases and Pathology (11 decks)

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