Inflammation and Healing Lecture Review Flashcards
Inflammation is part of the
_______________ Immune Response.
Non-specific
The four cardinal signs of inflammation
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
(+/- Loss of function)
Congestion of the tissue due to migration of fluid from vessels is called
exudation
True or False. The process of inflammation, healing, and repair occur at the same time, or lead into one another
True
True or False. Components of inflammation that are capable of destroying microbes can also injure bystander normal tissue
True
Extravascular fluid high in protein/cells (RBCs, platelets) is called a(n)
exudate
inflammation that involves an entire organ or tissue can be described as
diffuse
Inflammation that involves all of the tissue within a particular zone can be described as
locally extensive
a single area of inflammation can be described as
focal
Many, scattered areas of inflammation
can be described as
multifocal
What is the difference between acute and chronic inflammation?
Acute
Inflammatory response occurs 4-6 hours following the stimulus and remains fairly constant in appearance. BENEFICIAL FOR HOST
Chronic
Existence of a persistent inflammatory stimulus. DELETERIOUS FOR HOST
Type of exudate that is clear, watery, with low cell count
serous
Type of exudate that is CLEAR/PINK/RED, thin and watery, contains serum and blood
Serosanguinous
Type of exudate that is cloudy yellow/white or green fluid; contains many leukocytes (pus)
Purulent
Type of exudate that contains many RBCs
Hemorrhagic
Type of exudate that mucus
Catarrhal
Localized collection of pus
Abscess
Inflammation of cellular or connective tissue
Cellulitis
Loss of a superficial layer of an organ or tissue w/ acute inflammation at the base of the lesion
Ulcer
List the Possible Systemic Reactions to Inflammation
Fever
Elevated WBC count (Leukocytosis)
Bacteremia
Septicemia
Toxemia
The presence of bacteria in the blood stream
Bacteremia
The presence of bacteria and its toxins in the blood stream
Septicemia
The presence of bacterial toxins within the blood stream (no bacteria)
Toxemia
Both acute and chronic inflammation cause swelling. How does the swelling differ in each situation?
The chronic inflammatory response is characterized by an increase in the number of reactive cells (vs. an increase in fluid as seen in the acute response)
a band of scar tissue that binds 2 parts of tissue that are not normally joined together.
adhesion
a focal inflammatory lesion in which the tissue reaction primarily consists of chronic inflammatory cells.
Granuloma
Vascular connective tissue that indicates a wound is healing properly
granulation tissue
Choose one. Scar tissue implies a process of (regeneration/repair) because it takes up space where cells that belong in the tissue would normally be found
repair
Can you list at least 5 Host Factors That Affect Wound Healing?
Age
Malnutrition
Health
Corticosteroids
Foreign material in wound
Soil Particles
Type of incision
Contaminated tissue
Bacterial toxins and inflammation
Blood supply
Movements
a wound closed by approximation of wound margins or wounds created and closed in the operating room.
first intention
spontaneous healing; describes a wound left open and allowed to close by epithelialization and contraction.
second intention
used for heavily contaminated wounds that are too heavily contaminated for primary closure but appear clean and well vascularized after 4-5 days of open observation; Wound edges are approximated within 3-4 days and tensile strength develops as with primary closure.
third intention
Red, raised and often pruritic scar that remains within the boundaries of original scar
hypertrophic scar
large scar that extend beyond boundaries of original scar; more frequently occur in darkly-pigmented people
keloid scar
Partial Thickness dermal wounds
Abrasions
wounds that penetrate the dermis and deeper tissues
Lacerations
A large section of skin is torn from the underlying tissue in a glove-like fashion
Degloving injury
Typically appear as small punctures in the skin. There may be a large amount of dead space below the puncture
Bite wounds
True or False. There is no reason to explore, lavage, debride, and/or allow bite wounds to drain.
False!! These wounds should be explored, lavaged, debrided, and allowed to drain
A wound is considered infected when the bacterial count is greater than _______ organisms per gram of tissue
100,000
When initially evaluating a patient with a soft tissue wound, the technician should FIRST:
check for any bleeding and apply pressure with a sterile gauze if needed
When initially evaluating a patient with a soft tissue wound that is not actively bleeding, the technician should:
“Treat the patient, not the problem”… that means, making sure your patient is stable by checking the vitals before beginning wound care.
What are the 4 Cs of Wound Care?
C…..Cover
C……. Clip
C…….. Clean
C……… Copiously Lavage
Describe in detail the 4 Cs of Wound Care
Cover the wound with a bandage or sterile lube
Clip the fur around the wound
Clean the area surrounding wound with an antiseptic scrub
Copiously Lavage– irrigate the wound using at least 500 ml to 1 Liter of sterile saline with 7-8psi
