Cellular Injury Lecture Review

Question 1

Cell suicide; Endogenous programmed cell death that occurs normally in both adult and developing tissues

Answer 1

Apoptosis

Question 2

Cell homicide; The final stage of an irreversible degenerative process

Answer 2

necrosis

Question 3

Examples of cellular injury that can cause necrosis

Answer 3

ischemia, toxicity, physical environment, infectious agents, genetic abnormalities, etc.

Question 4

involving a lack of blood, and therefore oxygen to the tissue

Answer 4

ischemia

Question 5

Damaged cells that undergo necrosis will exhibit morphologic changes. Three types of nuclear changes occur:

Answer 5

pyknosis
karyolysis
karyorrhexis

Question 6

increase in number of cells

Answer 6

hyperplasia

Question 7

increase in size of cell with no increase in number

Answer 7

hypertrophy

Question 8

absence or imperfect development of a tissue

Answer 8

agenesis

Question 9

type of agenesis, referring specifically to total failure of an organ to develop

Answer 9

aplasia

Question 10

deficiency of growth or diminution of size

Answer 10

hypoplasia

Question 11

occurs after full development from pathologic causes; the reduction in size of an organ secondary to disease

Answer 11

atrophy

Question 12

replacement of one fully differentiated cell type with another

Answer 12

metaplasia

Question 13

abnormal development of a tissue with disordered architecture; may be a precursor to neoplasia

Answer 13

dysplasia

Question 14

A Withered limb after removal of a cast is an example of

Answer 14

atrophy

Question 15

failure of a kidney to develop is an example of

Answer 15

agenesis (renal agenesis)

Question 16

skeletal muscles that increase in size after exercise is an example of

Answer 16

hypertrophy

Question 17

a cat born with an abnormally small cerebellum is said to have:

Answer 17

hypoplasia (cerebellar hypoplasia)

Question 18

abnormal deposition of calcium salts with small amounts of iron, magnesium, and other mineral salts

Answer 18

Pathological mineralization or calcification

Question 19

Accumulation or deposition of abnormal amounts of pigment in tissue cells or fluids

Answer 19

Pathological Pigmentation

Question 20

Brown-black pigment normally found in skin, hair, pigmented coat of retina

Answer 20

melanin

Question 21

Yellow-brown pigment from the breakdown of fatty acids and cell membranes

Answer 21

Lipochromes

Question 22

The pigment within the red blood cells responsible for the transport of oxygen

Answer 22

Hemoglobin

Question 23

When rbc die, hemoglobin is released and broken down into amino acids, iron and _____________

Answer 23

Bilirubin

Question 24

Alterations of the breakdown of hemoglobin (Hgb) can produce a number of pigments. What is the red pigment formed from Hgb during both normal and abnormal destruction of rbc… animals will appear yellow

Answer 24

Bilirubin

Question 25

Alterations of the breakdown of hemoglobin (Hgb) can produce a number of pigments. When the iron that is part of the hemoglobin is altered such that it doesn’t carry oxygen well…. animals will appear blue. What pigment is responsible for this?

Answer 25

Methemoglobin