Cellular Injury Lecture Review Flashcards
Cell suicide; Endogenous programmed cell death that occurs normally in both adult and developing tissues
Apoptosis
Cell homicide; The final stage of an irreversible degenerative process
necrosis
Examples of cellular injury that can cause necrosis
ischemia, toxicity, physical environment, infectious agents, genetic abnormalities, etc.
involving a lack of blood, and therefore oxygen to the tissue
ischemia
Damaged cells that undergo necrosis will exhibit morphologic changes. Three types of nuclear changes occur:
pyknosis
karyolysis
karyorrhexis
increase in number of cells
hyperplasia
increase in size of cell with no increase in number
hypertrophy
absence or imperfect development of a tissue
agenesis
type of agenesis, referring specifically to total failure of an organ to develop
aplasia
deficiency of growth or diminution of size
hypoplasia
occurs after full development from pathologic causes; the reduction in size of an organ secondary to disease
atrophy
replacement of one fully differentiated cell type with another
metaplasia
abnormal development of a tissue with disordered architecture; may be a precursor to neoplasia
dysplasia
A Withered limb after removal of a cast is an example of
atrophy
failure of a kidney to develop is an example of
agenesis (renal agenesis)
skeletal muscles that increase in size after exercise is an example of
hypertrophy
a cat born with an abnormally small cerebellum is said to have:
hypoplasia (cerebellar hypoplasia)
abnormal deposition of calcium salts with small amounts of iron, magnesium, and other mineral salts
Pathological mineralization or calcification
Accumulation or deposition of abnormal amounts of pigment in tissue cells or fluids
Pathological Pigmentation
Brown-black pigment normally found in skin, hair, pigmented coat of retina
melanin
Yellow-brown pigment from the breakdown of fatty acids and cell membranes
Lipochromes
The pigment within the red blood cells responsible for the transport of oxygen
Hemoglobin
When rbc die, hemoglobin is released and broken down into amino acids, iron and _____________
Bilirubin
Alterations of the breakdown of hemoglobin (Hgb) can produce a number of pigments. What is the red pigment formed from Hgb during both normal and abnormal destruction of rbc… animals will appear yellow
Bilirubin
Alterations of the breakdown of hemoglobin (Hgb) can produce a number of pigments. When the iron that is part of the hemoglobin is altered such that it doesn’t carry oxygen well…. animals will appear blue. What pigment is responsible for this?
Methemoglobin
