Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

VETT 1110 Veterinary Diseases and Pathology > Feline Infectious Disease Lecture Review > Flashcards

Feline Infectious Disease Lecture Review Flashcards

1
Q

Etiology of Feline Upper Respiratory Tract Disease

A

Viral: Feline herpes virus type 1 = Feline Rhinotracheitis (FVR)

Viral: Feline Calicivirus (FCV)

Bacterial: Chlamydia felis, Mycoplasma felis = Feline Pneumonitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

clinical signs feline upper respiratory tract disease

A

fever (103-105), frequent sneezing, conjunctivitis, rhinitis, and often salivation.

depression and anorexia

Severely debilitated cats may develop ulcerative stomatitis, and ulcerative keratitis develops in some

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

transmission feline upper respiratory tract disease

A

Direct Contact: Natural transmission of these agents occurs via aerosol droplets and fomites, which can be carried to a susceptible cat by a handler.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The characteristic lesion caused by Feline Calcicvirus is ________________________________

A

ulceration of the oral mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The (FVR”, or feline viral rhinotracheitis seen in Feline URI is typically attributed to

A

feline herpes virus type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A diagnosis of feline URI is typically done by

A

It is usually a presumptive Dx. based on history, clinical signs, signalment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

treatment of feline URI

A

Treatment is largely symptomatic and supportive, but broad-spectrum antibiotics are useful against secondary bacterial invaders

Nebulization or saline nose drops

Ophthalmic ointment containing antibiotics

Lysine (250 mg, PO, bid-tid) interferes with herpetic viral replication and may reduce the severity of FVR infection

Antihistamines may be beneficial early in the course of the disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The feline CORE vaccine FVRCP stands for:

A

FVR (Herpes Rhinotracheitis)
C Calicivirus
P Panleukopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In what incidence might a clinician use the FVRCP+Ch vaccine

A

catteries/shelters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the “Ch” stand for in the FVRCP+Ch vaccine

A

Chlamydia felis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the appropriate age to begin vaccination in a kitten

A

Typically 6-8 weeks pf age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the recommended protocol for FVRCP vaccination in a kitten?

A

a kitten should receive their first FVRCP vaccination at around 6-8 weeks old then have a booster shot every three until they are about 16-20 weeks old.

After that the kitten will need another booster when they are just over a year old, then every 1-3 years, based on risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In addition to vaccination with FVRCP (+/- Ch), what are some preventive measures that decrease this disease in cats?

A

Vaccination
Husbandry
Sanitation

**Systematic vaccination and control of environmental factors (such as exposure to sick cats, overcrowding, and stress) provide good protection against upper respiratory disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Panleukopenia is to cats, as ______________ is to dogs.

A

Parvo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

clinical signs feline panleukopenia

A

Pathognomonic Sign: GI disease with panleukopenia

*Most infections are subclinical or self-limiting (5-7 days)
Cats that become ill are usually <1 yr old (3-5 month old kittens); Peracute cases may die suddenly with little or no warning (fading kittens).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

transmission feline panleukopenia

A

Horizontal– Direct transmission: cats are infected oronasally by exposure to infected animals, their feces, secretions, or contaminated fomites (or mechanical vectors)
Vertical– In pregnant queens, the virus may spread transplacentally to cause embryonic resorption, fetal mummification, abortion, or stillbirth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

diagnosis feline panleukopenia

A

canine ELISA parvo test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

treatment feline panleukopenia

A

SUPPORTIVE: correct for severe dehydration, electrolyte abnormalities, secondary bacterial infections, control clinical signs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the feline CORE vaccines?

A

FVRCP
Rabies
FeLV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Under what circumstances might a clinician recommend a feline bordetella vaccine?

A

shelters/catteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does Feline Leukemia virus affect cats?

A

It manifests primarily through profound anemia, malignancies, and immunosuppression.

22
Q

How is FeLV transmitted?

A

Horizontal: direct contact (cat to cat)
Oronasal contact with infectious saliva or urine represents the most likely mode of horizontal transmission
Direct contact, mutual grooming, and shared litter trays and food dishes are the another method of horizontal transmission; infection through bite wounds is possible
Vertical: mother to fetus in utero or colostrum

23
Q

T/F. FeLV is very stable in the environment

A

False. FeLV virus is unstable in the environment and is susceptible to all common detergents and disinfectants.

**horizontal transmission between adults usually requires prolonged, intimate contact.

24
Q

How long after infection with FeLV would we expect a cat to test positive for FeLV?

A

on average 4-6 weeks

25
Q

diagnosis of FeLV? sample needed?

A

ELISA or lateral flow FeLV antigen test; blood is required for these tests

26
Q

T/F. Vaccination will affect the test results for a FeLV antigen screening.

A

FALSE! This is an antigen test, therefore a vaccination would not interfere with diagnostic results

27
Q

treatment of FeLV?

A

No cure
Tx: supportive
Chemotherapeutic agents may provide temporary remission
Antiviral drugs may decrease viremia and extend period of remission

28
Q

What is the recommended vaccine protocol with FeLV vaccination?

A

all kittens should receive a 2-dose series, starting at 12 weeks of age, followed by a booster 1 year later, then q 1-3 years, based on risk

29
Q

How does Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV) affect cats?

A

immunodeficiency….

Cats who are infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) may not show symptoms until years after the initial infection occurred.
Although the virus is slow-acting, a cat’s immune system is severely weakened once the disease takes hold. This makes the cat susceptible to various secondary infections.

30
Q

transmission of FIV

A

Horizontal: Bite wounds are the primary means of transmission for FIV (saliva)

Vertical: On rare occasions infection is transmitted from an infected mother cat to her kittens, usually during passage through the birth canal or when the newborn kittens ingest infected milk.

31
Q

clinical signs FIV

A

FIV infection can be divided into three stages: acute infection, lasting 3 to 6 months; subclinical infection, lasting months to years; and feline AIDS or chronic clinical disease, which may also last months or years.

ADR
Disheveled coat
Weight loss
Conjunctivitis
Gingivitis, Stomatitis
Wounds that don’t heal
Sneezing
Discharge from eyes or nose
Concurrent infections

32
Q

Compare the typical signalment of FeLV vs FIV

A

FIV-males (intact), 5-12y

FeLV-males/females, 1-5y

33
Q

How is FIV diagnosed

A

blood test that screens for FIV Antibodies

34
Q

FIV is diagnosed with a test that screens for FIV antibodies. How is this significant in regards to a young kitten?

A

Maternal antibodies could make Kittens test “positive” for 12-16 weeks after birth; we should recheck test at 6-8 months

35
Q

treatment FIV

A

None
Supportive Care
Medication for secondary infections
Healthy, palatable diet to encourage good nutrition
Fluid and electrolyte replacement therapy
Anti-inflammatory drugs
Immune-enhancing drugs
Parasite control

36
Q

Do we vaccinate against FIV?

A

Nope! The vaccine is not effective and also interferes with screening.

37
Q

How do we prevent the spread of FIV?

A

The only sure way to protect cats is to prevent their exposure to the virus
Spay/neuter
Keeping cats indoors-and away from potentially infected cats that might bite them-markedly reduces their likelihood of contracting FIV infection.
Only infection-free cats should be adopted into a household with uninfected cats.
Infected cats should be housed indoors so as not to serve as reservoir of infection for other

38
Q

Etiology of Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

A

mutation of the feline coronavirus

39
Q

does feline coronavirus always cause Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)

A

no!! : In a small percent of infected cats (5 to 10 percent), either by a mutation of the virus or by an aberration of the immune response, the infection progresses into clinical FIP

40
Q

What clinical signs does “regular” feline coronavirus FCoV cause in otherwise healthy cats?

A

most FCoV-infected cats do not show clinical signs.

FCoV infection can cause a transient and clinically mild diarrhea and/or vomiting due to replication of FCoV in enterocytes.
Kittens infected with FCoV may have a history of stunted growth or upper respiratory tract signs.

41
Q

Who is most at risk of developing Feline Infectious Peritonitis?

A

young, immunocompromised cats

pure bred cats: Susceptibility to FIP is a polygenic inherited trait in Persians and Birmans. Breeds with higher prevalence of FIP include Abyssinian, Bengal, Birman, Himalayan, Ragdoll, and Rex.

cats in catteries/shelters may be at high risk simply due to crowding

42
Q

transmission of Feline coronavirus

A

Virus shed in feces and saliva; Infection is generally via the oronasal route.
The major sources of FCoV for naive cats are litter boxes shared with shedding cats

43
Q

most common clinical signs of FIP

A

anorexia
weight loss
unkempt appearance
+/- fever
elevated blood protein levels
evidence of effusion (swollen belly)

44
Q

t/f. a diagnosis of FIP is difficult antemortem

A

TRUE!!

The only “test” is an antibody test for Feline Coronavirus. Since most cats are exposed to FCoV, nearly all titers will be positive. Remember FCoV doesn’t always cause FIP, and it usually doesn’t!

Most diagnoses are presumptive. Review The Rivalta’s test ;-)

45
Q

Prognosis FIP

A

POOR! ;-(. There is no known cure.

Treatment is supportive, and euthanasia is often warranted.

46
Q

Do we routinely vaccinate for FCoV?

A

No. The vaccine is labeled for use beginning at 16 wk of age, which may be too late to protect kittens against FCoV in endemic populations.

47
Q

How are humans infected with feline toxoplasmosis?

A

consumption of infectious oocysts in cat feces, consumption of tissue cysts in infected meat, and by transplacental transfer of tachyzoites from mother to fetus

48
Q

how are cats infected with feline toxoplasmosis?

A

ingest cyst, oocyst, or tachyzoite from rodents, birds, meat or unpasteurized dairy products

49
Q

are cats usually clinically affected when they have toxoplasmosis?

A

NOPE! Most are subclinical.

Cats with FeLV/FIV may show clinical signs due to immunosuppression

50
Q

who is at a the greatest risk for zoonoses of toxoplasmosis?

A

pregnant women
immunosuppressed individuals

VETT 1110 Veterinary Diseases and Pathology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions